Acute kidney injury in sepsis
- PMID: 28364303
- DOI: 10.1007/s00134-017-4755-7
Acute kidney injury in sepsis
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and sepsis carry consensus definitions. The simultaneous presence of both identifies septic AKI. Septic AKI is the most common AKI syndrome in ICU and accounts for approximately half of all such AKI. Its pathophysiology remains poorly understood, but animal models and lack of histological changes suggest that, at least initially, septic AKI may be a functional phenomenon with combined microvascular shunting and tubular cell stress. The diagnosis remains based on clinical assessment and measurement of urinary output and serum creatinine. However, multiple biomarkers and especially cell cycle arrest biomarkers are gaining acceptance. Prevention of septic AKI remains based on the treatment of sepsis and on early resuscitation. Such resuscitation relies on the judicious use of both fluids and vasoactive drugs. In particular, there is strong evidence that starch-containing fluids are nephrotoxic and decrease renal function and suggestive evidence that chloride-rich fluid may also adversely affect renal function. Vasoactive drugs have variable effects on renal function in septic AKI. At this time, norepinephrine is the dominant agent, but vasopressin may also have a role. Despite supportive therapies, renal function may be temporarily or completely lost. In such patients, renal replacement therapy (RRT) becomes necessary. The optimal intensity of this therapy has been established, while the timing of when to commence RRT is now a focus of investigation. If sepsis resolves, the majority of patients recover renal function. Yet, even a single episode of septic AKI is associated with increased subsequent risk of chronic kidney disease.
Keywords: Acute kidney injury; Biomarkers; Creatinine; Recovery; Renal replacement therapy; Sepsis.
Similar articles
-
Dipstick albuminuria and acute kidney injury recovery in critically ill septic patients.Nephrology (Carlton). 2016 Jun;21(6):512-8. doi: 10.1111/nep.12637. Nephrology (Carlton). 2016. PMID: 26421662
-
The intensive care medicine agenda on acute kidney injury.Intensive Care Med. 2017 Sep;43(9):1198-1209. doi: 10.1007/s00134-017-4687-2. Epub 2017 Jan 30. Intensive Care Med. 2017. PMID: 28138736 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Extracorporeal renal replacement therapies in the treatment of sepsis: where are we?Semin Nephrol. 2015 Jan;35(1):55-63. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2015.01.006. Semin Nephrol. 2015. PMID: 25795499 Review.
-
[An analysis of clinical characteristics of septic acute kidney injury by using criteria of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes].Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2013 Apr;52(4):299-304. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2013. PMID: 23925356 Chinese.
-
Impact of timing of renal replacement therapy initiation on outcome of septic acute kidney injury.Crit Care. 2011;15(3):R134. doi: 10.1186/cc10252. Epub 2011 Jun 6. Crit Care. 2011. PMID: 21645350 Free PMC article.
Cited by
-
N-acetylcysteine protects septic acute kidney injury by inhibiting SIRT3-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis.Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2024;27(7):850-856. doi: 10.22038/IJBMS.2024.72882.15853. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2024. PMID: 38800015 Free PMC article.
-
Increasing Rate of Fatal Streptococcus pyogenes Bacteriemia-A Challenge for Prompt Diagnosis and Appropriate Therapy in Real Praxis.Microorganisms. 2024 May 15;12(5):995. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12050995. Microorganisms. 2024. PMID: 38792824 Free PMC article.
-
Point-of-Care Serum Proenkephalin as an Early Predictor of Mortality in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Septic Shock.Biomedicines. 2024 May 2;12(5):1004. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12051004. Biomedicines. 2024. PMID: 38790966 Free PMC article.
-
Diagnostic and Prognostic Values of KLF5 and RUNX1 in Acute Kidney Injury in Septic Patients.Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2024 May 10. doi: 10.1007/s12010-024-04956-w. Online ahead of print. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2024. PMID: 38727937
-
Development and validation of a machine-learning model for predicting the risk of death in sepsis patients with acute kidney injury.Heliyon. 2024 Apr 20;10(9):e29985. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29985. eCollection 2024 May 15. Heliyon. 2024. PMID: 38699001 Free PMC article.
References
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical