Functional Esophageal Disorders

Qasim Aziz¹, Ronnie Fass², C Prakash Gyawali³, Hiroto Miwa⁴, John E Pandolfino⁵, Frank Zerbib⁶

Affiliations

¹ Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Professor, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroneterology, Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London UK, London UK.
² MetroHalth Medical Center, The Esophageal and Swallowing Center, Professor, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
³ Division of Gastroenterology, Professor, University Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
⁴ Division of Upper Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan.
⁵ Chief and Professor, Division of Medicine-Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Feinberg School of Medicine Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Electronic address: j-pandolfino@northwestern.edu.
⁶ CHU de Bordeaux, Professor, Gastroenterology Department, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.

PMID: 27144625
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.012

Functional Esophageal Disorders

Qasim Aziz et al. Gastroenterology. 2016.

. 2016 Feb 15:S0016-5085(16)00178-5.

doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.012. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Qasim Aziz¹, Ronnie Fass², C Prakash Gyawali³, Hiroto Miwa⁴, John E Pandolfino⁵, Frank Zerbib⁶

Affiliations

¹ Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Professor, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroneterology, Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London UK, London UK.
² MetroHalth Medical Center, The Esophageal and Swallowing Center, Professor, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
³ Division of Gastroenterology, Professor, University Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
⁴ Division of Upper Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan.
⁵ Chief and Professor, Division of Medicine-Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Feinberg School of Medicine Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Electronic address: j-pandolfino@northwestern.edu.
⁶ CHU de Bordeaux, Professor, Gastroenterology Department, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.

PMID: 27144625
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.012

Abstract

Functional esophageal disorders consist of a disease category that present with esophageal symptoms (heartburn, chest pain, dysphagia, globus) not explained by mechanical obstruction (stricture, tumor, eosinophilic esophagitis), major motor disorders (achalasia, EGJ outflow obstruction, absent contractility, distal esophageal spasm, jackhammer esophagus), or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). While mechanisms responsible are unclear, it is theorized that visceral hypersensitivity and hypervigilance play an important role in symptom generation, in the context of normal or borderline function. Treatments directed at improving borderline motor dysfunction or reducing reflux burden to sub-normal levels have limited success in symptom improvement. In contrast, strategies focused on modulating peripheral triggering and central perception are mechanistically viable and clinically meaningful. However, outcome data from these treatment options are limited. Future research needs to focus on understanding mechanisms underlying visceral hypersensitivity and hypervigilance so that appropriate targets and therapies can be developed.

Keywords: Rome IV; chest pain; dysphagia; esophageal motility disorders; gastroesophageal reflux disease; globus; heartburn.

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