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Review
. 2015 Jul;63(7):570-4.
doi: 10.4103/0301-4738.167120.

Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy: A review of imaging

Hemang K Pandya, Mark Robinson, Nawajes Mandal, Vinay A Shah  1
Affiliations
Review

Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy: A review of imaging

Hemang K Pandya et al. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2015 Jul.

Abstract

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy can result in permanent vision loss. In early stages of HCQ retinopathy, patients are usually asymptomatic with preservation of visual acuity. We aspire that our review, in conjunction with the American Academy of Ophthalmology screening guidelines, shall shed light on effective screening measures utilizing multimodal imaging techniques to detect early signs of HCQ retinopathy before advanced changes manifest clinically.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
10-2 visual fields: Bilateral paracentral scotoma
Figure 2
Figure 2
Color fundus photography: Bilateral parafoveal retinal pigment atrophy (“Bull's eye maculopathy”)
Figure 3
Figure 3
Color Fundus photography: No clinically evident retinopathy, despite corresponding changes in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography [Figure 5]
Figure 4
Figure 4
Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: Bilateral parafoveal outer retinal and retinal pigment epithelium atrophy with central sparing (“flying saucer sign”)
Figure 5
Figure 5
Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: Selective inner retinal layer thinning with sparing of the outer retinal or retinal pigment epithelium layers
Figure 6
Figure 6
Fundus autofluorescence: Bilateral parafoveal hypoautofluorescence
Figure 7
Figure 7
Multifocal electroretinogram: Paracentral and generalized signal attenuation
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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