Mental health literacy: a cross-cultural approach to knowledge and beliefs about depression, schizophrenia and generalized anxiety disorder
- PMID: 26441699
- PMCID: PMC4561812
- DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01272
Mental health literacy: a cross-cultural approach to knowledge and beliefs about depression, schizophrenia and generalized anxiety disorder
Abstract
Many families worldwide have at least one member with a behavioral or mental disorder, and yet the majority of the public fails to correctly recognize symptoms of mental illness. Previous research has found that Mental Health Literacy (MHL)-the knowledge and positive beliefs about mental disorders-tends to be higher in European and North American cultures, compared to Asian and African cultures. Nonetheless quantitative research examining the variables that explain this cultural difference remains limited. The purpose of our study was fourfold: (a) to validate measures of MHL cross-culturally, (b) to examine the MHL model quantitatively, (c) to investigate cultural differences in the MHL model, and (d) to examine collectivism as a predictor of MHL. We validated measures of MHL in European American and Indian samples. The results lend strong quantitative support to the MHL model. Recognition of symptoms of mental illness was a central variable: greater recognition predicted greater endorsement of social causes of mental illness and endorsement of professional help-seeking as well as lesser endorsement of lay help-seeking. The MHL model also showed an overwhelming cultural difference; namely, lay help-seeking beliefs played a central role in the Indian sample, and a negligible role in the European American sample. Further, collectivism was positively associated with causal beliefs of mental illness in the European American sample, and with lay help-seeking beliefs in the Indian sample. These findings demonstrate the importance of understanding cultural differences in beliefs about mental illness, particularly in relation to help-seeking beliefs.
Keywords: Mental health literacy; collectivism; culture; depression; help-seeking; lay help; professional help; schizophrenia.
Figures
![Figure 1](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/4561812/bin/fpsyg-06-01272-g0001.gif)
![Figure 2](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/4561812/bin/fpsyg-06-01272-g0002.gif)
![Figure 3](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/4561812/bin/fpsyg-06-01272-g0003.gif)
![Figure 4](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/4561812/bin/fpsyg-06-01272-g0004.gif)
![Figure 5](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/4561812/bin/fpsyg-06-01272-g0005.gif)
![Figure 6](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/4561812/bin/fpsyg-06-01272-g0006.gif)
![Figure 7](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/4561812/bin/fpsyg-06-01272-g0007.gif)
![Figure 8](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/4561812/bin/fpsyg-06-01272-g0008.gif)
Similar articles
-
Mental health literacy of ADHD, autism, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder: a cross-cultural investigation.J Ment Health. 2021 Aug;30(4):470-480. doi: 10.1080/09638237.2020.1713999. Epub 2020 Jan 29. J Ment Health. 2021. PMID: 31994950
-
A school mental health literacy curriculum resource training approach: effects on Tanzanian teachers' mental health knowledge, stigma and help-seeking efficacy.Int J Ment Health Syst. 2016 Aug 4;10:50. doi: 10.1186/s13033-016-0082-6. eCollection 2016. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2016. PMID: 27493684 Free PMC article.
-
Mental health literacy among adolescents: Evidence from a community-based study in Delhi.Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2022 Jun;68(4):791-797. doi: 10.1177/00207640211006155. Epub 2021 Apr 10. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2022. PMID: 33840255
-
Do Web-based Mental Health Literacy Interventions Improve the Mental Health Literacy of Adult Consumers? Results From a Systematic Review.J Med Internet Res. 2016 Jun 20;18(6):e165. doi: 10.2196/jmir.5463. J Med Internet Res. 2016. PMID: 27323907 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Treatment of culturally diverse children and adolescents with depression.J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2012 Feb;22(1):72-9. doi: 10.1089/cap.2011.0051. Epub 2012 Jan 17. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2012. PMID: 22251021 Review.
Cited by
-
Caught between two worlds: mental health literacy and stigma among bicultural youth.Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2024 Dec;19(1):2321644. doi: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2321644. Epub 2024 Mar 3. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2024. PMID: 38431901 Free PMC article.
-
Validation and psychometric testing of the Arabic version of the mental health literacy scale among the Saudi Arabian general population.Int J Ment Health Syst. 2023 Dec 5;17(1):42. doi: 10.1186/s13033-023-00615-5. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2023. PMID: 38053169 Free PMC article.
-
Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Nov 14;11(11):CD013303. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013303.pub2. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023. PMID: 37963101 Review.
-
Perceived Stress and Mental Health Literacy Among Chinese Preschool Teachers: A Moderated Mediation Model of Anxiety and Career Resilience.Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2023 Sep 11;16:3777-3785. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S422311. eCollection 2023. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2023. PMID: 37720171 Free PMC article.
-
Lack of Sample Diversity in Research on Adolescent Depression and Social Media Use: A Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis.Clin Psychol Sci. 2023 Sep;11(5):759-772. doi: 10.1177/21677026221114859. Epub 2023 Feb 7. Clin Psychol Sci. 2023. PMID: 37694229 Free PMC article. Review.
References
-
- Angermeyer M., Matschinger H. (1999). Social representations of mental illness among the public, in The Image of Madness: The Public Facing Mental Illness and Psychiatric Treatment, eds Guimon J., Fischer W., Sartorius N. (Basel: Karger; ), 20–28. 10.1159/000062703 - DOI
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources