Detection and intake assessment of organophosphate flame retardants in house dust in Japanese dwellings
- PMID: 24531310
- DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.121
Detection and intake assessment of organophosphate flame retardants in house dust in Japanese dwellings
Abstract
The demand for phosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) has recently increased as an alternative to polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE). PFRs have been detected in house dust, but little is known about the concentrations of PFRs in private homes and the effects on human health. We measured the levels of 10 PFRs in indoor floor dust and upper surface dust from 128 Japanese dwellings of families with children in elementary school. The median (min-max) concentrations (μg/g) of PFRs were as follows: tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), 30.88 (<0.61-936.65); tris(2-chloro-iso-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP), 0.74 (<0.56-392.52); and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), 0.87 (<0.80-23.35). These values exceeded 50% detection rates, and the rates are median over the LOD in floor dust. The concentrations (μg/g) of TBOEP 26.55 (<0.61-1933.24), TCIPP 2.23 (<0.56-621.23), TPHP 3.13 (<0.80-27.47), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) 1.17 (<0.65-92.22), and tributyl phosphate (TNBP) 0.74 (<0.36-60.64) exceeded 50% detection rates in the upper surface dust. A significant positive correlation (P<0.05) between the concentrations of TCIPP and TBOEP was shown in floor dust and upper surface dust (n=48). Estimated median and 95th percentile daily intake was calculated for toddlers and elementary school children and was compared with reference dose values (RfD) from the literature. For TBOEP, the estimated 95th percentile intake from floor dust was 14% of RfD for toddlers and 4% for school children. The estimated intake from upper surface dust was somewhat lower. Estimated median intake of TBOEP and median intake for the other PFRs were less than 1% of the RfD. TBOEP, TCIPP and TPHP were the main PFRs in the dust. The median levels of PFRs are well below the RfD values.
Keywords: Elementary school children; Floor dust; Organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs); Reference doses (RfDs); Upper surface dust.
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Similar articles
-
Organophosphorus Flame Retardants: A Global Review of Indoor Contamination and Human Exposure in Europe and Epidemiological Evidence.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Sep 15;17(18):6713. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186713. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020. PMID: 32942622 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Characterization and human exposure assessment of organophosphate flame retardants in indoor dust from several microenvironments of Beijing, China.Chemosphere. 2016 May;150:465-471. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.111. Epub 2016 Jan 12. Chemosphere. 2016. PMID: 26796586
-
Exposure assessment of organophosphorus and organobromine flame retardants via indoor dust from elementary schools and domestic houses.Chemosphere. 2015 Mar;123:17-25. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.028. Epub 2014 Dec 19. Chemosphere. 2015. PMID: 25532762
-
Organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and plasticizers in house and car dust and the influence of electronic equipment.Chemosphere. 2014 Dec;116:3-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.036. Epub 2014 Apr 2. Chemosphere. 2014. PMID: 24703013
-
Phosphorus flame retardants: properties, production, environmental occurrence, toxicity and analysis.Chemosphere. 2012 Aug;88(10):1119-53. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.067. Epub 2012 Apr 25. Chemosphere. 2012. PMID: 22537891 Review.
Cited by
-
A Review of the Distribution and Health Effect of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants in Indoor Environments.Toxics. 2024 Mar 1;12(3):195. doi: 10.3390/toxics12030195. Toxics. 2024. PMID: 38535928 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Levels of organophosphate flame retardants and their metabolites among 391 volunteers in Taiwan: difference between adults and children.Front Public Health. 2023 Aug 30;11:1186561. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1186561. eCollection 2023. Front Public Health. 2023. PMID: 37711251 Free PMC article.
-
Gestational exposure to organophosphate esters and infant anthropometric measures in the first 4 weeks after birth.Sci Total Environ. 2023 Jan 20;857(Pt 1):159322. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159322. Epub 2022 Oct 8. Sci Total Environ. 2023. PMID: 36220473 Free PMC article.
-
Investigation on the Direct Transfer of SVOCs from Source to Settled Dust: Analytical Model and Key Parameter Determination.Environ Sci Technol. 2022 May 3;56(9):5489-5496. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08257. Epub 2022 Apr 20. Environ Sci Technol. 2022. PMID: 35442662 Free PMC article.
-
Variability and predictors of urinary organophosphate ester concentrations among school-aged children.Environ Res. 2022 Sep;212(Pt A):113192. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113192. Epub 2022 Mar 25. Environ Res. 2022. PMID: 35346652 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical