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. 2012 Jul;20(4):422-31.
doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2012.2197865.

Toward a noninvasive automatic seizure control system in rats with transcranial focal stimulations via tripolar concentric ring electrodes

Oleksandr Makeyev  1 , Xiang Liu, Hiram Luna-Munguía, Gabriela Rogel-Salazar, Samuel Mucio-Ramirez, Yuhong Liu, Yan L Sun, Steven M Kay, Walter G Besio
Affiliations

Toward a noninvasive automatic seizure control system in rats with transcranial focal stimulations via tripolar concentric ring electrodes

Oleksandr Makeyev et al. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2012 Jul.

Abstract

Epilepsy affects approximately 1% of the world population. Antiepileptic drugs are ineffective in approximately 30% of patients and have side effects. We are developing a noninvasive, or minimally invasive, transcranial focal electrical stimulation system through our novel tripolar concentric ring electrodes to control seizures. In this study, we demonstrate feasibility of an automatic seizure control system in rats with pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures through single and multiple stimulations. These stimulations are automatically triggered by a real-time electrographic seizure activity detector based on a disjunctive combination of detections from a cumulative sum algorithm and a generalized likelihood ratio test. An average seizure onset detection accuracy of 76.14% was obtained for the test set (n = 13). Detection of electrographic seizure activity was accomplished in advance of the early behavioral seizure activity in 76.92% of the cases. Automatically triggered stimulation significantly (p = 0.001) reduced the electrographic seizure activity power in the once stimulated group compared to controls in 70% of the cases. To the best of our knowledge this is the first closed-loop automatic seizure control system based on noninvasive electrical brain stimulation using tripolar concentric ring electrode electrographic seizure activity as feedback.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Schematic representation of the experimental setup. The TFS was applied between the outer ring and the middle disc of electrode (1). Electrodes (1), (2), and (3) were used for recording. Electrode (g) was the ground. A personal computer was used to control the system and store the data.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Per second normalized tEEG power and seizure detections for CUSUM, sGLRT and uGLRT detectors as well as valid TFS trigger detections for typical examples of: panel A – control rat; panel B – one dose TFS treated rat; panel C – two dose TFS treated rat.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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