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. 2003 Dec;5(4):371-88.
doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2003.5.4/vabad.

Diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders: a brief review for clinicians

Affiliations

Diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders: a brief review for clinicians

Vivien C Abad et al. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2003 Dec.

Abstract

Sleep disorders encompass a wide spectrum of diseases with significant individual health consequences and high economic costs to society. To facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders, this review provides a framework using the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Primary and secondary insomnia are differentiated, and pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments are discussed. Common circadian rhythm disorders are described in conjunction with interventions, including chronotherapy and light therapy. The diagnosis and treatment of restless legs syndrome/periodic limb movement disorder is addressed. Attention is focused on obstructive sleep apnea and upper airway resistance syndrome, and their treatment. The constellation of symptoms and findings in narcolepsy are reviewed together with diagnostic testing and therapy, Parasomnias, including sleep terrors, somnambulism, and rapid eye movement (REM) behavior sleep disorders are described, together with associated laboratory testing results and treatment.

Los trastornos del sueño incluyen un amplío espectro de enfermedades con consecuencias significativas para la salud individual y altos costos económicos para la sociedad. Para facilitar el diagnóstico y tratamiento de los trastornos del sueño esta revisión se estructuró utilizando la Clasificación internacional de Trastornos del Sueño, Se diferencia el insomnio primario y secundario, y se discuten los tratamientos farmacológicos y no farmacológicos. Se describen los trastornos comunes del ritmo círcadíano en conjunto con intervenciones que incluyen la cronoterapía y la fototerapia. También se revisa el diagnóstico y tratamiento del síndrome de las piernas inquietas o trastorno del movimiento periódico de las piernas. Además se centra la atención en la apnea obstructiva del sueño y el síndrome de resistencia de la vía aérea superior y su tratamiento. Se revisa la constelación de síntomas y hallazgos de la narcolepsia, junto con las pruebas diagnósticas y la terapia. Se describen las parasom-nias, incluyendo los terrores nocturnos, el sonambulismo y los trastornos de conducta asociados al sueño REM (movimiento rápido de ojos) junto con los resultados de las pruebas de laboratorio y el tratamiento.

Les troubles du sommeil comprennent un large spectre de maladies avec des conséquences significatives individuelles en termes de santé et un coût économique élevé pour la société. Pour faciliter le diagnostic et le traitement des troubles du sommeil, cette revue fournit un cadre utilisant la classification internationale des troubles du sommeil. Les insomnies primaires et secondaires sont différenciées et les traitements pharmacologiques et non pharmacologiques sont discutés. Les troubles courants du rythme circadien sont décrits conjointement avec les interventions dont la chronothérapie et la luxihérapie. Le diagnostic et le traitement du syndrome des jambes sans repos/mouvements périodiques des membres sont abordés. Les apnées obstructives du sommeil et le syndrome de résistance des voies aériennes supérieures et leur traitement reçoivent une attention particulière. La constellation de symptômes et les acquisitions sur la narcolepsie sont passées en revue ainsi que les épreuves diagnostiques et le traitement. Les parasomnies dont les terreurs nocturnes, le somnambulisme et les perturbations des mouvements oculaires rapides (REM, rapid eye movement] sont décrits conjointement avec les résultats des tests de laboratoire et le traitement

Keywords: arcadian rhythm disorder; diagnosis; excessive somnolence; insomnia; parasomnia; sleep disorder; treatment.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Hypopnea in a patient with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Note the low amplitude signals seen in the nasal cannula and airflow channels with increasing effort demonstrated on the chest and abdominal (Abd) channels. The Pes (esophageal pressure [PES]) channel shows crescendo increases in esophageal pressure with reversal.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Sleep-onset rapid eye movement (REM) during an mean sleep latency test (MSLT) nap in a patient with narcolepsy. Electroencephalogram (EEG) leads (C3-A2 and 02-A1) demonstrate low voltage mixed frequency theta activity. EMG-Chin shows atonia with phasic events. Electrooculography (EOG) demonstrates REM.

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