Soy protein effects on serum lipoproteins: a quality assessment and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled studies
- PMID: 21730216
- DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2011.10719947
Soy protein effects on serum lipoproteins: a quality assessment and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled studies
Abstract
Objectives: Many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have assessed the effects of soy protein on serum lipoprotein risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). This review and meta-analysis assessed the quality of these RCTs and estimated the effects of soy protein consumption on serum lipoproteins.
Data sources: A comprehensive search using multiple databases was conducted for the years 1996 through 2008 to identify clinical trials related to soy protein intake and serum lipoprotein changes.
Study eligibility: RCTs were assessed that met these requirements: soy protein intake compared with nonsoy protein, provided information on serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol values, provided no more than 65 g of soy protein daily, and obtained LDL-cholesterol measurements between 4 and 18 weeks of treatment. Randomized parallel and crossover studies were evaluated.
Methods: Studies were graded for quality using 12 criteria with a possible maximum grade of 24. Net changes in lipoproteins with soy protein consumption compared with nonsoy control diets were analyzed by meta-analyses and funnel plots. Confidence intervals were constructed using inverse weighting. Analyses compared parallel to crossover studies and studies with lower and higher grades.
Results: Analyses included 20 parallel-design studies and 23 crossover studies. Parallel studies scored significantly higher (p < 0.001) in study quality, with a mean grade of 15.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.3 to 17.3) compared with 10.1 (95% CI, 8.2 to 11.9) for crossover trials. Soy protein intake was associated with net changes in serum LDL-cholesterol values of -0.23 mmol/l (95% CI, -0.28 to -0.18 mmol/l) or a 5.5% reduction in parallel studies and -0.16 mmol/l (95% CI, -0.22 to -0.11 mmol/l) or a reduction of 4.2% with crossover studies (p < 0.001 for parallel vs crossover). In parallel studies, net serum HDL-cholesterol values were 3.2% higher (p < 0.007) with soy vs control, and fasting serum triacylglycerol values were 10.7% lower (p < 0.008) for soy vs control.
Conclusions and implications: Soy protein consumption with a median of 30 g/d was associated with a significant improvement in lipoprotein risk factors for CHD. Compared with crossover RCTs, parallel RCTs had significantly higher quality grades and were associated with significantly greater improvements in serum LDL-cholesterol values. Regular consumption of 1 to 2 servings of soy protein daily (15 to 30 g) has a significant favorable impact on serum lipoprotein risk factors for CHD.
Similar articles
-
Total red meat intake of ≥0.5 servings/d does not negatively influence cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systemically searched meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Jan;105(1):57-69. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.142521. Epub 2016 Nov 23. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017. PMID: 27881394 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Effect of cheese consumption on blood lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutr Rev. 2015 May;73(5):259-75. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuu060. Epub 2015 Mar 29. Nutr Rev. 2015. PMID: 26011901 Review.
-
Systematic review and meta-analysis of soy products consumption in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(4):593-602. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011. PMID: 22094845
-
A randomized trial comparing the effect of casein with that of soy protein containing varying amounts of isoflavones on plasma concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins.Arch Intern Med. 1999 Sep 27;159(17):2070-6. doi: 10.1001/archinte.159.17.2070. Arch Intern Med. 1999. PMID: 10510993 Clinical Trial.
-
Meta-analysis of the effects of soy protein intake on serum lipids.N Engl J Med. 1995 Aug 3;333(5):276-82. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199508033330502. N Engl J Med. 1995. PMID: 7596371
Cited by
-
Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of vegetal milk produced with Mucuna pruriens L. seed in rats fed a high-fat diet.Heliyon. 2022 Nov 23;8(11):e11835. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11835. eCollection 2022 Nov. Heliyon. 2022. PMID: 36458299 Free PMC article.
-
Dietary Factors, Dietary Patterns, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Representative Japanese Cohorts: NIPPON DATA80/90.J Atheroscler Thromb. 2023 Mar 1;30(3):207-219. doi: 10.5551/jat.RV22001. Epub 2022 Nov 26. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2023. PMID: 36436878 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Nutritional, Phytochemical, and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Analysis of Different States of Soy Products.Int J Food Sci. 2022 Sep 13;2022:9817999. doi: 10.1155/2022/9817999. eCollection 2022. Int J Food Sci. 2022. PMID: 36147879 Free PMC article.
-
The health effects of soy: A reference guide for health professionals.Front Nutr. 2022 Aug 11;9:970364. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.970364. eCollection 2022. Front Nutr. 2022. PMID: 36034914 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Health Functions of Egg Protein.Foods. 2022 Aug 2;11(15):2309. doi: 10.3390/foods11152309. Foods. 2022. PMID: 35954074 Free PMC article. Review.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical
Miscellaneous