Exercise and diet, independent of weight loss, improve cardiometabolic risk profile in overweight and obese individuals
- PMID: 21673488
- DOI: 10.3810/psm.2011.05.1898
Exercise and diet, independent of weight loss, improve cardiometabolic risk profile in overweight and obese individuals
Abstract
Diet and/or exercise are routinely advised as methods for weight loss in overweight/obese individuals, particularly those who are at high risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, physical activity and structured exercise programs rarely result in significant loss of body weight or body fat, and weight-loss diets have extraordinarily high recidivism rates. Despite only modest effects on body weight, exercise and ad libitum nutrient-dense diets for overweight/obese individuals have many health benefits, including skeletal muscle adaptations that improve fat and glucose metabolism, and insulin action; enhance endothelial function; have favorable changes in blood lipids, lipoproteins, and hemostatic factors; and reduce blood pressure, postprandial lipemia and glycemia, and proinflammatory markers. These lifestyle-induced adaptations occur independently of changes in body weight or body fat. Thus, overweight/obese men and women who are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes as a result of sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, and excess body weight should be encouraged to engage in regular physical activity and improve their diet, regardless of whether the healthier lifestyle leads to weight loss.
Similar articles
-
Obesity and physical activity.Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2011 Dec;34(4):829-40. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2011.08.009. Epub 2011 Oct 15. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2011. PMID: 22098807 Review.
-
Effects of lifestyle changes to reduce risks of diabetes and associated cardiovascular risks: results from large scale efficacy trials.Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009 Dec;17 Suppl 3:S43-8. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.388. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009. PMID: 19927146 Review.
-
High protein diets decrease total and abdominal fat and improve CVD risk profile in overweight and obese men and women with elevated triacylglycerol.Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009 Oct;19(8):548-54. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2008.10.006. Epub 2009 Jan 29. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009. PMID: 19179060
-
Effect of cocoa flavanols and exercise on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese subjects.Int J Obes (Lond). 2008 Aug;32(8):1289-96. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2008.66. Epub 2008 May 27. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008. PMID: 18504447 Clinical Trial.
-
Mitochondrial capacity in skeletal muscle is not stimulated by weight loss despite increases in insulin action and decreases in intramyocellular lipid content.Diabetes. 2008 Apr;57(4):987-94. doi: 10.2337/db07-1429. Epub 2008 Feb 5. Diabetes. 2008. PMID: 18252894 Clinical Trial.
Cited by
-
Weight Gain Prevention Outcomes From a Pragmatic Digital Health Intervention With Community Health Center Patients: Randomized Controlled Trial.J Med Internet Res. 2024 Mar 28;26:e50330. doi: 10.2196/50330. J Med Internet Res. 2024. PMID: 38416574 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
-
Exercise training and vascular heterogeneity in db/db mice: evidence for regional- and duration-dependent effects.Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2024 Apr;397(4):2421-2436. doi: 10.1007/s00210-023-02775-0. Epub 2023 Oct 16. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2024. PMID: 37843589
-
Association of a lifestyle score with cardiometabolic markers among individuals with diabetes: a cross-sectional study.BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2023 Jul;11(4):e003469. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003469. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2023. PMID: 37433698 Free PMC article.
-
The Preventive Effect of Exercise and Oral Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation on Obesity-Induced Brain Changes in Ldlr-/-.Leiden Mice.Nutrients. 2023 Mar 31;15(7):1716. doi: 10.3390/nu15071716. Nutrients. 2023. PMID: 37049556 Free PMC article.
-
Relation of Aortic Waveforms with Gut Hormones following Continuous and Interval Exercise among Older Adults with Prediabetes.Metabolites. 2023 Jan 17;13(2):137. doi: 10.3390/metabo13020137. Metabolites. 2023. PMID: 36837756 Free PMC article.