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Review
. 2011 Apr;23(2):161-6.
doi: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e3283423e51.

Future applications of antioxidants in premature infants

Jennifer W Lee  1 , Jonathan M Davis
Affiliations
Review

Future applications of antioxidants in premature infants

Jennifer W Lee et al. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2011 Apr.

Abstract

Purpose of review: This review will examine the unique susceptibility of premature infants to oxidative stress, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of common disorders of the preterm infant, and potential for therapeutic interventions using enzymatic and/or nonenzymatic antioxidants.

Recent findings: Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of ROS and the ability to detoxify them with the help of antioxidants. The premature infant is especially susceptible to ROS-induced damage because of inadequate antioxidant stores at birth, as well as impaired upregulation in response to oxidant stress. Thus, the premature infant is at increased risk for the development of ROS-induced diseases of the newborn, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, and periventricular leukomalacia.

Summary: Potential therapies for ROS-induced disease include both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant preparations. More research is required to determine the beneficial effects of supplemental antioxidant therapy.

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Figures

Figure
Figure. Disruptions in Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance Can Cause Significant Cell Injury
Production of reactive oxygen species can lead to significant cellular damage in the absence of antioxidants. A–Free radical production occurs after cellular insult resulting from inflammation, radiation, oxygen toxicity, chemicals, or reperfusion injury. B–Reactive oxygen species cause membrane lipid peroxidation that leads to cell injury through DNA and protein fragmentation. C–Free radicals in the presence of antioxidants are neutralized and protect the cell from injury.
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