Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People
- PMID: 20392703
- PMCID: PMC2886201
- DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afq034
Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People
Abstract
The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) developed a practical clinical definition and consensus diagnostic criteria for age-related sarcopenia. EWGSOP included representatives from four participant organisations, i.e. the European Geriatric Medicine Society, the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics-European Region and the International Association of Nutrition and Aging. These organisations endorsed the findings in the final document. The group met and addressed the following questions, using the medical literature to build evidence-based answers: (i) What is sarcopenia? (ii) What parameters define sarcopenia? (iii) What variables reflect these parameters, and what measurement tools and cut-off points can be used? (iv) How does sarcopenia relate to cachexia, frailty and sarcopenic obesity? For the diagnosis of sarcopenia, EWGSOP recommends using the presence of both low muscle mass + low muscle function (strength or performance). EWGSOP variously applies these characteristics to further define conceptual stages as 'presarcopenia', 'sarcopenia' and 'severe sarcopenia'. EWGSOP reviewed a wide range of tools that can be used to measure the specific variables of muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. Our paper summarises currently available data defining sarcopenia cut-off points by age and gender; suggests an algorithm for sarcopenia case finding in older individuals based on measurements of gait speed, grip strength and muscle mass; and presents a list of suggested primary and secondary outcome domains for research. Once an operational definition of sarcopenia is adopted and included in the mainstream of comprehensive geriatric assessment, the next steps are to define the natural course of sarcopenia and to develop and define effective treatment.
Figures
Similar articles
-
Adherence to a standardized protocol for measuring grip strength and appropriate cut-off values in adults over 65 years with sarcopenia: a systematic review protocol.JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2015 Oct;13(10):50-9. doi: 10.11124/jbisrir-2015-2256. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2015. PMID: 26571282
-
Cut-off points to identify sarcopenia according to European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) definition.Clin Nutr. 2016 Dec;35(6):1557-1563. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.02.002. Epub 2016 Feb 11. Clin Nutr. 2016. PMID: 26922142
-
Performance of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People algorithm in screening older adults for muscle mass assessment.Age Ageing. 2015 Mar;44(2):334-8. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afu192. Epub 2014 Dec 23. Age Ageing. 2015. PMID: 25539836
-
Defining sarcopenia: some caveats and challenges.Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2020 Mar;23(2):127-132. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000621. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2020. PMID: 31789867 Review.
-
Prevalence of and interventions for sarcopenia in ageing adults: a systematic review. Report of the International Sarcopenia Initiative (EWGSOP and IWGS).Age Ageing. 2014 Nov;43(6):748-59. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afu115. Epub 2014 Sep 21. Age Ageing. 2014. PMID: 25241753 Free PMC article. Review.
Cited by
-
[The role of the musculoadipose status in the assessment of the risk profile before liver transplantation].Chirurgie (Heidelb). 2024 Jun 3. doi: 10.1007/s00104-024-02111-z. Online ahead of print. Chirurgie (Heidelb). 2024. PMID: 38829546 Review. German.
-
Swallowing Rehabilitation With Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Sarcopenic Dysphagia: A Case Report.Cureus. 2024 Apr 29;16(4):e59256. doi: 10.7759/cureus.59256. eCollection 2024 Apr. Cureus. 2024. PMID: 38813342 Free PMC article.
-
Influences of muscle mass loss and exercise habits and personality traits on lower limb motor function among university students.Sci Rep. 2024 May 29;14(1):12341. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-63089-6. Sci Rep. 2024. PMID: 38811660 Free PMC article.
-
Development and validation of a prediction model for frailty in breast cancer patients with extended survival.Support Care Cancer. 2024 May 29;32(6):393. doi: 10.1007/s00520-024-08501-7. Support Care Cancer. 2024. PMID: 38809281
-
Associations of serum vitamin B12 and its biomarkers with musculoskeletal health in middle-aged and older adults.Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024 May 14;15:1387035. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1387035. eCollection 2024. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024. PMID: 38808112 Free PMC article.
References
-
- Rosenberg I. Summary comments: epidemiological and methodological problems in determining nutritional status of older persons. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;50:1231–3.
-
- Rosenberg IH. Sarcopenia: origins and clinical relevance. J Nutr. 1997;127:990S–91S. - PubMed
-
- Morley JE, Baumgartner RN, Roubenoff R, et al. Sarcopenia. J Lab Clin Med. 2001;137:231–43. - PubMed
-
- Olde Rikkert MG, Rigaud AS, van Hoeyweghen RJ, et al. Geriatric syndromes: medical misnomer or progress in geriatrics? Neth J Med. 2003;61:83–7. - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical
Miscellaneous