Major lipids, apolipoproteins, and risk of vascular disease
- PMID: 19903920
- PMCID: PMC3284229
- DOI: 10.1001/jama.2009.1619
Major lipids, apolipoproteins, and risk of vascular disease
Abstract
Context: Associations of major lipids and apolipoproteins with the risk of vascular disease have not been reliably quantified.
Objective: To assess major lipids and apolipoproteins in vascular risk.
Design, setting, and participants: Individual records were supplied on 302,430 people without initial vascular disease from 68 long-term prospective studies, mostly in Europe and North America. During 2.79 million person-years of follow-up, there were 8857 nonfatal myocardial infarctions, 3928 coronary heart disease [CHD] deaths, 2534 ischemic strokes, 513 hemorrhagic strokes, and 2536 unclassified strokes.
Main outcome measures: Hazard ratios (HRs), adjusted for several conventional factors, were calculated for 1-SD higher values: 0.52 log(e) triglyceride, 15 mg/dL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), 43 mg/dL non-HDL-C, 29 mg/dL apolipoprotein AI, 29 mg/dL apolipoprotein B, and 33 mg/dL directly measured low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Within-study regression analyses were adjusted for within-person variation and combined using meta-analysis.
Results: The rates of CHD per 1000 person-years in the bottom and top thirds of baseline lipid distributions, respectively, were 2.6 and 6.2 with triglyceride, 6.4 and 2.4 with HDL-C, and 2.3 and 6.7 with non-HDL-C. Adjusted HRs for CHD were 0.99 (95% CI, 0.94-1.05) with triglyceride, 0.78 (95% CI, 0.74-0.82) with HDL-C, and 1.50 (95% CI, 1.39-1.61) with non-HDL-C. Hazard ratios were at least as strong in participants who did not fast as in those who did. The HR for CHD was 0.35 (95% CI, 0.30-0.42) with a combination of 80 mg/dL lower non-HDL-C and 15 mg/dL higher HDL-C. For the subset with apolipoproteins or directly measured LDL-C, HRs were 1.50 (95% CI, 1.38-1.62) with the ratio non-HDL-C/HDL-C, 1.49 (95% CI, 1.39-1.60) with the ratio apo B/apo AI, 1.42 (95% CI, 1.06-1.91) with non-HDL-C, and 1.38 (95% CI, 1.09-1.73) with directly measured LDL-C. Hazard ratios for ischemic stroke were 1.02 (95% CI, 0.94-1.11) with triglyceride, 0.93 (95% CI, 0.84-1.02) with HDL-C, and 1.12 (95% CI, 1.04-1.20) with non-HDL-C.
Conclusion: Lipid assessment in vascular disease can be simplified by measurement of either total and HDL cholesterol levels or apolipoproteins without the need to fast and without regard to triglyceride.
Figures
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![Figure 2](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/3284229/bin/ukmss-40889-f0002.gif)
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Comment in
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ACP Journal Club. Either cholesterol or apolipoprotein levels can be used to determine risk for CVD; triglycerides are not useful.Ann Intern Med. 2010 Feb 16;152(4):JC-212. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-152-4-201002160-02012. Ann Intern Med. 2010. PMID: 20157124 No abstract available.
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Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease.J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2017 Jun;47(2):153-155. doi: 10.4997/JRCPE.2017.212. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2017. PMID: 28675189 No abstract available.
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