"Z"eroing in on the role of Cypher in striated muscle function, signaling, and human disease
- PMID: 18021935
- PMCID: PMC2134983
- DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2007.09.002
"Z"eroing in on the role of Cypher in striated muscle function, signaling, and human disease
Abstract
The striated muscle Z line, a multiprotein complex at the boundary between sarcomeres, plays an integral role in maintaining striated muscle structure and function. Multiple Z-line-associated proteins have been identified and shown to play an increasingly important role in the pathogenesis of human muscle disease. Cypher/Z-band alternatively spliced PDZ-motif protein, a PDZ-LIM protein in the Z line, binds to alpha-actinin (via its PDZ domain) and has been suggested to function as a linker-strut to maintain cytoskeletal structural integrity during contraction. Cypher may also participate in signaling pathways by binding to protein kinase C via its LIM domains. Analysis of Cypher-deficient mice has revealed that Cypher plays an integral role in Z-line maintenance/integrity of striated muscles and the pathogenesis of congenital myopathies, including cardiomyopathy. These studies have led to the subsequent discovery of Cypher mutations in human patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, as well as skeletal muscle myopathies, which have been recently termed zaspopathies. The recent discovery of various alternatively spliced isoforms of Cypher with potentially distinct structural and signaling roles brings a different level of complexity to the mechanisms underlying Cypher-based human myopathies. This review will focus on recent developments on the role of Cypher and its isoforms in striated muscle structure, signaling, and disease to provide insights into the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of Z-line-associated human myopathies.
Figures
![Figure 1](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/2134983/bin/nihms-34982-f0001.gif)
![Figure 2](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/2134983/bin/nihms-34982-f0002.gif)
Similar articles
-
The Role of Z-disc Proteins in Myopathy and Cardiomyopathy.Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 17;22(6):3058. doi: 10.3390/ijms22063058. Int J Mol Sci. 2021. PMID: 33802723 Free PMC article. Review.
-
On the role of dysferlin in striated muscle: membrane repair, t-tubules and Ca2+ handling.J Physiol. 2024 May;602(9):1893-1910. doi: 10.1113/JP285103. Epub 2024 Apr 14. J Physiol. 2024. PMID: 38615232 Review.
-
Cypher and Enigma homolog protein are essential for cardiac development and embryonic survival.J Am Heart Assoc. 2015 May 5;4(5):e001950. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.001950. J Am Heart Assoc. 2015. PMID: 25944877 Free PMC article.
-
Loss of enigma homolog protein results in dilated cardiomyopathy.Circ Res. 2010 Aug 6;107(3):348-56. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.218735. Epub 2010 Jun 10. Circ Res. 2010. PMID: 20538684 Free PMC article.
-
Ablation of Cypher, a PDZ-LIM domain Z-line protein, causes a severe form of congenital myopathy.J Cell Biol. 2001 Nov 12;155(4):605-12. doi: 10.1083/jcb.200107092. Epub 2001 Nov 5. J Cell Biol. 2001. PMID: 11696561 Free PMC article.
Cited by
-
Actin polymerization and depolymerization in developing vertebrates.Front Physiol. 2023 Sep 8;14:1213668. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1213668. eCollection 2023. Front Physiol. 2023. PMID: 37745245 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Sarcomere maturation: function acquisition, molecular mechanism, and interplay with other organelles.Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2022 Nov 21;377(1864):20210325. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0325. Epub 2022 Oct 3. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2022. PMID: 36189811 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Understanding the molecular basis of cardiomyopathy.Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2022 Feb 1;322(2):H181-H233. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00562.2021. Epub 2021 Nov 19. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2022. PMID: 34797172 Free PMC article. Review.
-
The Role of Z-disc Proteins in Myopathy and Cardiomyopathy.Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 17;22(6):3058. doi: 10.3390/ijms22063058. Int J Mol Sci. 2021. PMID: 33802723 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Mitochondrial Function and Dysfunction in Dilated Cardiomyopathy.Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Jan 12;8:624216. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.624216. eCollection 2020. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021. PMID: 33511136 Free PMC article. Review.
References
-
- Arimura T, Hayashi T, Terada H, et al. A Cypher/ZASP mutation associated with dilated cardiomyopathy alters the binding affinity to protein kinase C. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:6746–6752. - PubMed
-
- Bowling N, Walsh RA, Song G, et al. Increased protein kinase C activity and expression of Ca2+-sensitive isoforms in the failing human heart. Circulation. 1999;99:384–391. - PubMed
-
- Clark KA, McElhinny AS, Beckerle MC, Gregorio CC. Striated muscle cyotarchitecture: An intricate web of form and function. Ann Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2002;18:637–706. - PubMed
-
- Dempsey EC, Newton AC, Mochly-Rosen D, et al. Protein kinase C isozymes and the regulation of diverse cell responses. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2000;279:L429–L438. - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources