Vitamin C and vitamin E in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia (VIP trial): randomised placebo-controlled trial
- PMID: 16616557
- DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68433-X
Vitamin C and vitamin E in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia (VIP trial): randomised placebo-controlled trial
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress could play a part in pre-eclampsia, and there is some evidence to suggest that vitamin C and vitamin E supplements could reduce the risk of the disorder. Our aim was to investigate the potential benefit of these antioxidants in a cohort of women with a range of clinical risk factors.
Methods: We did a randomised, placebo-controlled trial to which we enrolled 2410 women identified as at increased risk of pre-eclampsia from 25 hospitals. We assigned the women 1000 mg vitamin C and 400 IU vitamin E (RRR alpha tocopherol; n=1199) or matched placebo (n=1205) daily from the second trimester of pregnancy until delivery. Our primary endpoint was pre-eclampsia, and our main secondary endpoints were low birthweight (<2.5 kg) and small size for gestational age (<5th customised birthweight centile). Analyses were by intention to treat. This study is registered as an International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial, number ISRCTN 62368611 .
Findings: Of 2404 patients treated, we analysed 2395 (99.6%). The incidence of pre-eclampsia was similar in treatment placebo groups (15% [n=181] vs 16% [n=187], RR 0.97 [95% CI 0.80-1.17]). More low birthweight babies were born to women who took antioxidants than to controls (28% [n=387] vs 24% [n=335], 1.15 [1.02-1.30]), but small size for gestational age did not differ between groups (21% [n=294] vs 19% [n=259], 1.12 [0.96-1.31]).
Interpretation: Concomitant supplementation with vitamin C and vitamin E does not prevent pre-eclampsia in women at risk, but does increase the rate of babies born with a low birthweight. As such, use of these high-dose antioxidants is not justified in pregnancy.
Comment in
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Antioxidant supplementation in pre-eclampsia.Lancet. 2006 Apr 8;367(9517):1119-20. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68434-1. Lancet. 2006. PMID: 16616542 No abstract available.
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Vitamin C and vitamin E in pregnant women at risk of pre-eclampsia.Lancet. 2006 Jul 15;368(9531):198; author reply 199-200. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69030-2. Lancet. 2006. PMID: 16844478 No abstract available.
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Vitamin C and vitamin E in pregnant women at risk of pre-eclampsia.Lancet. 2006 Jul 15;368(9531):198; author reply 199-200. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69029-6. Lancet. 2006. PMID: 16844479 No abstract available.
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Vitamin C and vitamin E in pregnant women at risk of pre-eclampsia.Lancet. 2006 Jul 15;368(9531):199; author reply 199-200. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69031-4. Lancet. 2006. PMID: 16844481 No abstract available.
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Vitamin C and vitamin E in pregnant women at risk of pre-eclampsia.Lancet. 2006 Jul 15;368(9531):199; author reply 199-200. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69032-6. Lancet. 2006. PMID: 16844482 No abstract available.
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