Type D personality: the heart, stress, and cortisol
- PMID: 15820973
- DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hci064
Type D personality: the heart, stress, and cortisol
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated the role of psychosocial and behavioural risk factors in the aetiology and pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders. Recently, a new personality construct, the type D or 'distressed' personality, has been proposed. Type D behaviour is characterized by the joint tendency to experience negative emotions and to inhibit these emotions while avoiding social contacts with others. The observation that cardiac patients with type D personality are at increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality underlines the importance of examining both acute (e.g. major depression) and chronic (e.g. certain personality features) factors in patients at risk for coronary events. Both type D dimensions (negative affectivity and social inhibition) are associated with greater cortisol reactivity to stress. Elevated cortisol may be a mediating factor in the association between type D personality and the increased risk for coronary heart disease and, possibly, other medical disorders. Studies of the effect of age on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function in healthy humans have produced inconsistent results. This may relate to a different prevalence of type D individuals in study samples (i.e. some type D individuals may have alterations within the HPA axis that are similar to HPA axis changes in depressed patients). Further studies of the psychological and biological features of type D individuals may help develop treatment approaches to improve the psychological and physical health of individuals with type D personality.
Similar articles
-
Type D personality and vulnerability to adverse outcomes in heart disease.Cleve Clin J Med. 2011 Aug;78 Suppl 1:S13-9. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.78.s1.02. Cleve Clin J Med. 2011. PMID: 21972324 Review.
-
Cortisol awakening response is elevated in acute coronary syndrome patients with type-D personality.J Psychosom Res. 2007 Apr;62(4):419-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.11.005. J Psychosom Res. 2007. PMID: 17383493
-
Usefulness of type D personality in predicting five-year cardiac events above and beyond concurrent symptoms of stress in patients with coronary heart disease.Am J Cardiol. 2006 Apr 1;97(7):970-3. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.10.035. Epub 2006 Feb 13. Am J Cardiol. 2006. PMID: 16563897
-
The stress system in the human brain in depression and neurodegeneration.Ageing Res Rev. 2005 May;4(2):141-94. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2005.03.003. Ageing Res Rev. 2005. PMID: 15996533 Review.
-
Daily hassles, cortisol, and the pathogenesis of depression.Med Hypotheses. 2004;62(2):198-202. doi: 10.1016/S0306-9877(03)00320-7. Med Hypotheses. 2004. PMID: 14962626
Cited by
-
The relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms in FGID patients and D-type personality and emotion regulation strategies.iScience. 2024 Apr 30;27(6):109867. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109867. eCollection 2024 Jun 21. iScience. 2024. PMID: 38784000 Free PMC article.
-
Psychopathology, Personality and Depression after Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Network Analysis in an Italian Population.Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 Feb 28;13(5):915. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13050915. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023. PMID: 36900060 Free PMC article.
-
Impact of the Empathic Understanding of People and Type D Personality as the Correlates of Social Skills of Primary Health Care Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Dec 23;20(1):201. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20010201. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022. PMID: 36612523 Free PMC article.
-
Mental Stress and Cardiovascular Health-Part I.J Clin Med. 2022 Jun 10;11(12):3353. doi: 10.3390/jcm11123353. J Clin Med. 2022. PMID: 35743423 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Determinants of depression in non-cardiac chest pain patients: a cross sectional study.Korean J Pain. 2021 Oct 1;34(4):417-426. doi: 10.3344/kjp.2021.34.4.417. Korean J Pain. 2021. PMID: 34593659 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical
