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A Survey on Text Information Extraction from Born-Digital and Scene Text Images
Text information extraction (TIE) from images is an open research area because of its unsolved challenges with respect to the heterogeneity in image...
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The Role of Radioactive Isotopes in Astrophysics
Astronomy with radioactivity can be described as using the quantity of radioactivity within cosmic samples to infer their physical circumstances and...
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Machine Learning
Machine learning originally emerged as a sub-discipline of artificial intelligence research where it extended areas such as computer perception,...
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Faster, Better, Cheaper?
The small number and declining pace of Explorer missions increasingly concerned space scientists in the 1980s. What we might call the ‘Explorer...
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From Humble Beginnings: The Development of Windsor Observatory
After discovering the Great Comet of 1861 and refusing the Sydney Observatory Directorship, Tebbutt’s principal task was to purchase an astronomical...
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The Development of Modern Astronomy and Emergence of Astrophysics in India
Modern astronomy came to India in tow with the Europeans and was institutionalized by the English East India Company as a geographical and...
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A Networks Approach to Mythological Epics
In recent years, a new approach to the analysis of ancient texts and narratives has been developed. The method draws on network science, the study of...
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Complex Systems
2003 coincidentally saw two major electrical system failures: the Northeast Blackout in Ontario, Canada and the northeastern United States, affecting...
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Economics
Economics is by no means an empty box. For example, it offers what is possibly the only general law of behaviour in the social sciences, namely that...
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Structure of a Media Co-occurrence Network
Social networks have been of much interest in recent years. We here focus on a network structure derived from co-occurrences of people in traditional...
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Quantum Mechanics and the Principle of Maximal Variety
Quantum mechanics is derived from the principle that the universe contain as much variety as possible, in the sense of maximizing the distinctiveness...
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Tangible Networks: A Toolkit for Exploring Network Science
We present Tangible Networks (TN), a novel electronic toolkit for communicating and explaining concepts and models in complexity sciences to a...
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Interests Propagation in Computer Science Research Community
This work proposes a framework to study the propagation of individual interests in scientific social networks. We analyze the domain of computer...
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Role of International Cooperation and Scientific Community Actions for Enhancing Nuclear Safety, Security, Safeguards and Non-proliferation
The community of physicists took seriously the no-secrecy concept, as the basis for the progress of science in areas which, although directed to...
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The Gold Medal
For it is the duty of an astronomer to record celestial motions through careful observation. Then, turning to the causes of these motions, he must...
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Space Terrorism—A New Environment; New Causes
This chapter examines terrorismTerrorism in a new environment namely space. There is an introduction to the issues relating to space terrorism from...
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Empirical questions for collective-behaviour modelling
The collective behaviour of groups of social animals has been an active topic of study across many disciplines, and has a long history of modelling....
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Unperturbed Schelling Segregation in Two or Three Dimensions
Schelling’s models of segregation, first described in 1969 (Am Econ Rev 59:488–493,
1969 ) are among the best known models of self-organising...
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The Solar Neighbourhood
The stars currently lying in the immediate vicinity of the Sun are the products of numerous star-forming events spread over a wide-range of Galactic...
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Between Rigor and Reality: Many-Body Models in Condensed Matter Physics
The present paper focuses on a particular class of models intended to describe and explain the physical behaviour of systems that consist of a large...
