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Sex-specific differences in ICOS+ T helper cell differentiation in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with low disease activity
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a sex biased chronic autoimmune disease affecting predominantly females during reproductive ages. Changes in...
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Laparoscopy versus ultrasonography for the evaluation of Müllerian duct remnants in male patients with disorder of sex differentiation
BackgroundThe diagnosis of male differences of sex development is a challenging multidisciplinary team task, that requires external genital...
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Genetic control of typical and atypical sex development
Sex development relies on the sex-specific action of gene networks to differentiate the bipotential gonads of the growing fetus into testis or...
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Sex Differences in Circulating Biomarkers of Heart Failure
Purpose of RevSiewEvidence is scaling up for sex differences in heart failure; however, clinical relevance of sex-specific differential thresholds...
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X chromosome agents of sexual differentiation
Understanding sex differences in physiology and disease requires the identification of the molecular agents that cause phenotypic sex differences....
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Sex differences in trajectories of cortical development in autistic children from 2–13 years of age
Previous studies have reported alterations in cortical thickness in autism. However, few have included enough autistic females to determine if there...
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Marked intestinal trans-differentiation by autoimmune gastritis along with ectopic pancreatic and pulmonary trans-differentiation
BackgroundAutoimmune gastritis (AIG) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease with oncogenic potential that causes destruction of parietal cells...
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Sex and survival outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma receiving first-line immune-based combinations
BackgroundThere is an ongoing debate as to whether sex could be associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) benefit. Existing literature data...
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Sex bias in immune response: it is time to include the sex variable in studies of autoimmune rheumatic diseases
Healthy females and males differ in their immune cell composition and function and females generally mount stronger immune response than males and...
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Mechanisms and consequences of sex differences in immune responses
Biological sex differences refer to differences between males and females caused by the sex chromosome complement (that is, XY or XX), reproductive...
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Sex matters: acute functional connectivity changes as markers of remission in late-life depression differ by sex
The efficacy of antidepressant treatment in late-life is modest, a problem magnified by an aging population and increased prevalence of depression....
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Sex-based Differences in Heart Failure Biomarkers
Purpose of ReviewDifferences in HF biomarker levels by sex may be due to hormonal, genetic, and fat distribution differences. Knowledge of these...
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Ovarian endometrioid carcinoma with a sex cord-like pattern: a morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis
Sex cord-like endometrioid carcinoma (SCLEC) is an uncommon entity which may constitute a diagnostic challenge. This study aimed to perform a...
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Sex differences in energy metabolism: natural selection, mechanisms and consequences
Metabolic homeostasis operates differently in men and women. This sex asymmetry is the result of evolutionary adaptations that enable women to resist...
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Sex hormones and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
BackgroundFemales are considered to have an increased susceptibility to neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) than males, especially...
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Sex and gender in neurodevelopmental conditions
Health-related conditions often differ qualitatively or quantitatively between individuals of different birth-assigned sexes and gender identities,...
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First trimester identification of fetal sex by ultrasound
PurposeThe hypothesis was fetal sex determination by ultrasound at 11–14 weeks’ gestation has sufficient accuracy to be clinically relevant.
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Analyses of sex-based clinicopathological differences among patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms in Europe
BackgroundPrevious studies have found variations in cancer types, tumor progression, and disease outcomes between men and women. However, there is...
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Sex impacts treatment decisions in multiple sclerosis
BackgroundIndividual disease-modifying treatment (DMT) decisions might differ between female and male people with MS (pwMS).
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Sex and blood group determination from hair using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics
Examination of hair with its intact root is commonly used for DNA profiling of the donor. However, its use for gathering other types of information...