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The Unprecedented Ramsar Resolution: Ukrainian Wetlands Protection in Armed Conflict
Armed conflict has devastating environmental consequences, adversely impacting critical ecosystems and natural resources. The conflict between Russia...
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The Ukrainian–Russian Armed Conflict and the Law of Neutrality: Continuity, Discontinuity, or Irrelevance?
This article examines the role of the law of neutrality, namely the international legal regime defining the status of a State not party to an...
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Consolidating International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law: Protection from Gender-Based Violence Against Women in Non-International Armed Conflict
Academic discussion on the adequacy of international law, in particular international humanitarian law (IHL), to protect women from and to respond to...
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The Armed Conflict Norm Cluster: Closing the Gap Between Norms and Law in Understanding Armed Conflict
Using both the theoretical and empirical findings of the study, the author elaborates on the broader understanding of the norms of armed conflict and...
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Redefining doubt in cases of uncertainty: an analysis of the 2023 US DoD Law of War Manual revision to the presumption of civilian status in armed conflict
The third edition of the United States (US) Department of Defense Law of War Manual , updated in December 2016 (2015 DoD Manual) states that “[u]nder...
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Climate Change and Armed Conflict
Climate change is one of the defining issues of our time, and there is a growing body of scientific research suggesting that it will cause an...
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Protecting Children in Armed Conflict
The United Nations Secretary-General’s Annual Report on Children in Armed Conflict (2019) revealed that the 2018 reporting period was the worst yet...
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Introduction: Understanding the Relationship between International Humanitarian Action and Norms of Armed Conflict
Using the example of a letter written by the leader of Ansar Allah, the author begins to explore the research puzzle of understanding the...
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Cultural Heritage as a Neutral Party: The Role of Neutrality in the Protection of Cultural Heritage During Armed Conflict
Toward the end of World War II, neutral states served as safe havens for pillaged cultural heritage. Indeed, there is evidence that a large network...
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The Environment and the Laws of Armed Conflict
The laws of armed conflict focus on the protection of the civilian population from the consequences of armed conflict. Nevertheless, the “natural...
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UNESCO’s Legal Obligation and Capability to Protect Cultural Heritage During Armed Conflict
UNESCO is the sole UN agency with a mandate in culture. Since its inception, UNESCO has anchored itself as a champion for the preservation of the...
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UNESCO Emergency Response “First-Aid” Heritage Interventions in Syria During Armed Conflict
This chapter aims to determine the role UNESCO has played in facilitating emergency response “first aid” heritage protection measures during the...
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The War in Ukraine Under International Law: Its Use of Force and Armed Conflict Aspects
More than two years have passed since the Russian aggression against Ukraine started in February 2022. However, there appears to be no prospect for a...
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A Gender-Sensitive Reading of the Obligation to Prevent War Crimes Under the Law of Armed Conflict
The Law of Armed Conflict is an inherently male-normative branch under international law. Taking effect in situations of armed conflict, a context...
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Heritage in War: International Criminal Responsibility for the Destruction of Cultural Heritage in Armed Conflict
In armed conflict the destruction of cultural heritage has the potential to cast a shadow long after the fighting has ceased. Nonetheless, the...
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Norm Clusters of Non-State Armed Groups Mapping and Understanding the Limits of Warfare as Understood by Non-State Armed Groups
The proliferation of non-state armed groups and non-international armed conflicts since the end of the Second World War has challenged the legal...
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The Protection of the Environment and Natural Resources in Armed Conflict
The environment and natural resources play a significant role in contemporary armed conflict. This chapter first briefly traces the history of the...
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The Contribution of the International Criminal Court Towards Conflict Classification from Lubanga to Ongwen: Demystifying or Muddying the Notion of ‘protracted armed conflict’ Under Article 8(2)(f) of the Rome Statute?
This chapter presents an examination of the intensity threshold of Article 8(2)(f) of the Rome Statute and the consequences of the introduction of...
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Rights and Duties of Civilians in Armed Conflict
This chapter examines the rights and duties of civilians in armed conflict. It argues that international law has long considered that the primary...
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The Protection of Cultural Property in the Case of Armed Conflict: The State of Current and Future Developments in Military Doctrine
The legal context applicable to the protection of cultural property in the case of armed conflict comprises the 1954 Hague Convention and its...
