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Differences in the pupillary responses to evening light between children and adolescents
BackgroundIn the mammalian retina, intrinsically-photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC) detect light and integrate signals from rods and cones...
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Pupillary responses to differences in luminance, color and set size
The pupil responds to a salient stimulus appearing in the environment, in addition to its modulation by global luminance. These pupillary responses...
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Review on age-related differences in non-visual effects of light: melatonin suppression, circadian phase shift and pupillary light reflex in children to older adults
Physiological effects of light exposure in humans are diverse. Among them, the circadian rhythm phase shift effect in order to maintain a 24-h cycle...
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Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells: Assessment of Their Influence on Pupillary Responses in Primates
Pupillary responses in primates are driven by melanopsin-containing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) that project to the...
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Retinal Changes in Parkinson’s Disease: A Non-invasive Biomarker for Early Diagnosis
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is caused due to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) which leads to the...
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Changes in pupil size track self-control failure
People are more likely to perform poorly on a self-control task following a previous task requiring self-control (ego-depletion), but the mechanism...
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Correlation of Postmortem Changes with Time Since Death
This chapter explores in detail all the changes occurring after death in a dead body and how and why such changes take place, and what are the causes...
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Pupillary light reflex circuits in the macaque monkey: the preganglionic Edinger–Westphal nucleus
The motor outflow for the pupillary light reflex originates in the preganglionic motoneuron subdivision of the Edinger–Westphal nucleus (EWpg), which...
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Nervous System Response to Neurotrauma: A Narrative Review of Cerebrovascular and Cellular Changes After Neurotrauma
Neurotrauma is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. For instance, traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes more than 30% of all...
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What Our Eyes Can Tell Us About Our Social and Affective Brain?
The eyes are windows to the soul. This phrase present in the common sense popularly expresses that it is possible to deeply understand people’s minds...
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Pupillary light reflex circuits in the Macaque Monkey: the olivary pretectal nucleus
The olivary pretectal nucleus is the first central connection in the pupillary light reflex pathway, the circuit that adjusts the diameter of the...
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Choroid and choriocapillaris changes in early-stage Parkinson’s disease: a swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography-based cross-sectional study
BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the aging population. Previous literature has reported...
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Investigations into the anatomical location, physiological function, clinical implications, and significance of the nucleus of Perlia
BackgroundThe article discusses the investigations into the nucleus of Perlia (NP), a spindle-shaped nucleus located in the dorsal aspect of the...
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Effects of different light incident angles via a head-mounted device on the magnitude of nocturnal melatonin suppression in healthy young subjects
Bright light is a primary zeitgeber (synchronizer) for the central circadian pacemaker in humans. Recently, head-mounted devices for light therapy...
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Pupillometry in the Assessment of Psychoemotional State and Cognitive Functions in Humans
Pupillometry is an investigation method yielding quantitative assessment of pupil diameter. Pupil size is regulated by structures of the autonomic...
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Pupillary reactivity to alcohol cues as a predictive biomarker of alcohol relapse following treatment in a pilot study
RationaleIdentifying the predictors of relapse in detoxified alcohol-dependent patients is crucial for effective surveillance procedures and the...
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A novel nonsense variant (c.1499C>G) in CRB1 caused Leber congenital amaurosis-8 in a Chinese family and a literature review
BackgroundLeber’s congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a severe hereditary retinopathy disease that is characterized by early and severe reduction of...
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The impact of cognitive load on processing efficiency and performance effectiveness in anxiety: evidence from event-related potentials and pupillary responses
Anxiety has been associated with poor attentional control, as reflected in lowered performance on experimental measures of executive attention and...
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Silicone Oil-Induced Ocular Hypertension Glaucoma Model (SOHU) in Rodent and Nonhuman Primate
In this chapter, we describe a clinically relevant inducible and reversible ocular hypertension glaucoma model, which mimics the secondary glaucoma...
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Increase in choroidal thickness after blue light stimulation of the blind spot in young adults
BackgroundBlue light activates melanopsin, a photopigment that is expressed in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). The...
