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Contingent administration of typical and biased kappa opioid agonists reduces cocaine and oxycodone choice in a drug vs. food choice procedure in male rhesus monkeys
RationaleCombinations of mu and kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) agonists have been proposed as analgesic formulations with reduced abuse potential. The...
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Drug Distribution
Once in systemic circulation, the drug molecules will extravasate to other tissues, including the targeted organ(s), a process that we will refer to...
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Drug Absorption
Drug absorption involves the movement of drug molecules from the site of absorption to systemic circulation and is a prerequisite to observe a...
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Relationship Between Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenomics, and Its Impact on Drug Choice and Dose Regimens
Plasma drug levels can vary due to various factors associated with medications. These factors include:...
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Drug Metabolism
Living systems have developed elimination mechanisms to dispose of waste products and protect themselves from exposure to potentially harmful...
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Routes of Drug Administration
The systemic absorption of a drug depends on its physicochemical properties, the nature of the dosage form on which it is included, and the...
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Pulmonary Drug Delivery
This chapter provides an introductory overview on concepts related to drug delivery to the lungs. Physiological barriers to lung delivery are...
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Drug information sources in professional work—a questionnaire study on physicians’ usage and preferences (the drug information study)
PurposeThis study aimed to explore physicians’ use of drug information in professional work, with special focus on those working in primary care, and...
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The Relationship Between Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacokinetics and Its Impact on Drug Choice and Dosing Regimens in Pediatrics
The concept of precision or personalized medicine in pediatrics is still in its infancy, and it is difficult to conduct clinical studies in...
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Effects of environmental and pharmacological manipulations on cocaine-vs-negative reinforcer choice in male and female rats
RationaleThe adverse consequences of human addictive drug use could be the result of either addictive drug consumption resulting in punishment (e.g.,...
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Rectal and Vaginal Drug Delivery
This chapter provides an overview of dosage forms relevant to rectal and vaginal drug delivery. Barriers to drug absorption are discussed and...
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Application of Microfluidics in Drug Development
Microfluidics has become a transformative technology in drug development by offering new solutions that can potentially address some of the...
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Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery
This chapter reviews numerous concepts relevant to drug delivery topically and transdermally. Topics covered include the skin’s function barrier,...
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Drug Development for New Psychiatric Drug Therapies
Drug development is an expensive, high risk, and highly regulated process. Only about 6.2% of new molecules tested for mental disorders eventually...
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Choice between food and cocaine or fentanyl reinforcers under fixed and variable schedules in female and male rhesus monkeys
RationaleIllicit drugs may be unpredictable in terms of the time and effort required to obtain them, and this can be modeled with variable- (VR) vs....
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Pharmacodynamics: Mechanism of Drug Action
Pharmacodynamics is the study of mechanisms behind drug actions. It helps us understand the behaviour of drugs inside a body and the way body reacts...
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Therapeutic preference for Alzheimer’s disease treatments: a discrete choice experiment with caregivers and neurologists
BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major global health crisis in need of more effective therapies. However, difficult choices to optimize...
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Malaria Drug Discovery: How to Tackle the Problem of Drug Resistance
Malaria has been a huge issue in previous years since it is an endemic disease that kills millions of people worldwide, regardless of their age....
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Microfluidic Technologies for Precise Drug Delivery
There is a current demand for new and more sophisticated drug delivery systems (DDSs) to efficiently deliver therapeutics to the desired tissues,...
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Antimalarial Drugs and Drug Resistance
WHO estimated 241 million malaria cases in 2020 in 85 different malaria-endemic countries, more than in 2019. The reduction of cases due to...
