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Cytokines
Cytokines are a class of active protein molecules secreted by cells that perform signaling and whose main chemical components are proteins or... -
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Strategies for targeting cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease
Cytokines produced by immune cells contribute to the development and perpetuation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), namely Crohn’s disease and...
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Gut microbiota, circulating cytokines and dementia: a Mendelian randomization study
BackgroundSome studies have shown that gut microbiota may be associated with dementia. However, the causal effects between gut microbiota and...
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Lateral Flow Microarray-Based ELISA for Cytokines
Cytokines are well known to be involved in numerous biological responses with diverse mechanisms of action, including the inflammatory process. The... -
Therapeutic Implications of Cytokines and Chemokines Network in Cancer
Innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as non-immune cells and tissues, communicate with one another through interleukins and related cytokines.... -
Expression of 10 circulating cytokines/chemokines in HBV-related liver disease
BackgroundCytokines/chemokines play essential roles in the occurrence and progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study aimed to...
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Molecular targets in bone cancer pain: a systematic review of inflammatory cytokines
Bone cancer pain (BCP) profoundly impacts patient’s quality of life, demanding more effective pain management strategies. The aim of this systematic...
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Cytokines and Chemokines in Tumor Growth and Progression
The significance of cytokines as signaling molecules, which has long been acknowledged, is expanding as a result of their connection to malignancies... -
The use of supercytokines, immunocytokines, engager cytokines, and other synthetic cytokines in immunotherapy
Cytokines exert powerful immunomodulatory effects that are critical to physiology and pathology in humans. The application of natural cytokines in...
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Determination of Proinflammatory and Antiinflammatory Cytokines by ELISA Technique
The main objective of this chapter is to determine inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with or without preeclampsia by means of... -
Investigating the Potential Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets of Inflammatory Cytokines in Post-stroke Depression
Post-stroke depression (PSD) affects approximately one-third of stroke survivors, severely impacting general recovery and quality of life. Despite...
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Enhanced attenuation of chikungunya vaccines expressing antiviral cytokines
Alphaviruses are vector-borne, medically relevant, positive-stranded RNA viruses that cause disease in animals and humans worldwide. Of this group,...
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Role of Exercise on Inflammation Cytokines of Neuropathic Pain in Animal Models
Neuropathic pain (NP) resulting from a lesion or disease of the somatosensory system can lead to loss of function and reduced life quality....
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Prognostic and Diagnostic Significance of Chemokines and Cytokines in Cancer
A cooperated, powerful, but self-constrained immune reaction to a goal antigen is produced by the immune system's cells in conjunction with... -
Th17 cytokines and factors modulating their activity in patients with pernicious anemia
The effects of specific cytokines produced by T cell subsets (such as Th1, Th2, and newly discovered Th17, Treg, Tfh, or Th22) are diverse, depending...
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The IL-12 family of heterodimeric cytokines in polycystic ovarian syndrome: biological role in induction, regulation, and treatment
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a diverse endocrine disorder widely recognized as the prevailing metabolic condition among women in their...
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Small extracellular vesicles in plasma carry luminal cytokines that remain undetectable by antibody-based assays in cancer patients and healthy donors
BackgroundSmall (30–150 nm) extracellular vesicles (sEV), also known as exosomes, play a key role in cell-to-cell signaling. They are produced by all...