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Modular chimeric cytokine receptors with leucine zippers enhance the antitumour activity of CAR T cells via JAK/STAT signalling
The limited availability of cytokines in solid tumours hinders maintenance of the antitumour activity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells....
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Cytokines and cytokine receptors as targets of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases—RA as a role model
Recent advances in our understanding in the immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) are explored and promoted by the targeted treatment. Among...
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Cytokine and Chemokine Networks in Cancer
Cytokine and Chemokine Networks in Cancer" provides a comprehensive exploration of the roles of cytokines and chemokines in cancer biology. It offers...
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Strategies to therapeutically modulate cytokine action
Cytokines are secreted or membrane-presented molecules that mediate broad cellular functions, including development, differentiation, growth and...
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Introduction to Cytokine and Chemokine Networks
Cytokines are small-molecular-weight, proteinaceous, immunomodulating molecules that are crucial for controlling the growth and activity of blood and... -
Soluble receptors in cancer: mechanisms, clinical significance, and therapeutic strategies
Soluble receptors are soluble forms of receptors found in the extracellular space. They have emerged as pivotal regulators of cellular signaling and...
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Chemokine and Cytokine Networks in Tumor Microenvironment
A large family of tiny chemotactic cytokines direct the migration of immune cells and is known as chemokines. Chemotactic factors help the immune... -
The nuclear cytokine IL-37a controls lethal cytokine storms primarily via IL-1R8-independent transcriptional upregulation of PPARγ
Cytokine storms are crucial in the development of various inflammatory diseases, including sepsis and autoimmune disorders. The immunosuppressive...
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Chemokine and Cytokine Network in Angiogenesis
Angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer and has been the target of new therapies since last few years; however, it is a complex process and involves... -
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Purinergic P2X Receptors as Therapeutic Targets
Purinergic P2X receptors are ATP-gated ion channels involved in cation flux across membranes. P2X receptors are assembled as trimers from three... -
Anti-cytokine autoantibodies: mechanistic insights and disease associations
Anti-cytokine autoantibodies (ACAAs) are increasingly recognized as modulating disease severity in infection, inflammation and autoimmunity. By...
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Fine-Tuning the Immune Response Against Cancer with Antibody-Cytokine Fusion Proteins
Antibody-cytokine fusion proteins, also known as immunocytokines, comprise a novel class of biopharmaceuticals designed to localize immunomodulatory... -
Emerging principles of cytokine pharmacology and therapeutics
Cytokines are secreted signalling proteins that play essential roles in the initiation, maintenance and resolution of immune responses. Although the...
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Innate IRE1α-XBP1 activation by viral single-stranded RNA and its influence on lung cytokine production during SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia
The utilization of host-cell machinery during SARS-CoV-2 infection can overwhelm the protein-folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum and...
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Innate immunity, cytokine storm, and inflammatory cell death in COVID-19
The innate immune system serves as the first line of defense against invading pathogens; however, dysregulated innate immune responses can induce...
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Phytochemicals as Modulators of Toll-Like Receptors: An Immunopharmacological Perspective
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are molecular receptors that can “sense” potential foreign antigens to protect the host. Crosstalk between exogenous and... -
The homodimer interfaces of costimulatory receptors B7 and CD28 control their engagement and pro-inflammatory signaling
BackgroundThe inflammatory response is indispensable for protective immunity, yet microbial pathogens often trigger an excessive response, ‘cytokine...
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Purinergic P2 Receptors in Epilepsy
Despite continuous advances in the understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of hyperexcitable networks and lowered seizure threshold, treatment... -
A pairwise cytokine code explains the organism-wide response to sepsis
Sepsis is a systemic response to infection with life-threatening consequences. Our understanding of the molecular and cellular impact of sepsis...