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Dynamics of the Earth’s Particle Radiation Environment

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Abstract

The physical processes affecting the dynamics of the Earth’s particle radiation environment are reviewed along with scientific and engineering models developed for its description. The emphasis is on models that are either operational engineering models or models presently under development for this purpose. Three components of the radiation environment, i.e., galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), solar energetic particles (SEPs) and trapped radiation, are considered separately. In the case of SEP models, we make a distinction between statistical flux/fluence models and those aimed at forecasting events. Models of the effects of particle radiation on the atmosphere are also reviewed. Further, we summarize the main features of the models and discuss the main outstanding issues concerning the models and their possible use in operational space weather forecasting. We emphasize the need for continuing the development of physics-based models of the Earth’s particle radiation environment, and their validation with observational data, until the models are ready to be used for nowcasting and/or forecasting the dynamics of the environment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, P.O.B. 64, Finland

    Rami Vainio

  2. SpaceIT GmbH, Sennweg 15, 3012, Bern, Switzerland

    Laurent Desorgher

  3. DH Consultancy, Diestsestraat 133/3, 3000, Leuven, Belgium

    Daniel Heynderickx

  4. University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    Erwin Flückiger

  5. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK

    Richard B. Horne

  6. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Gennady A. Kovaltsov

  7. Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia

    Karel Kudela

  8. IFSI-Roma/INAF, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133, Roma, Italy

    Marisa Storini & Monica Laurenza

  9. Space Technology Ireland, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland

    Susan McKenna-Lawlor

  10. Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

    Hanna Rothkaehl

  11. Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory (Oulu unit), University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland

    Ilya G. Usoskin

Authors
  1. Rami Vainio
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  2. Laurent Desorgher
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  3. Daniel Heynderickx
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  4. Marisa Storini
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  7. Gennady A. Kovaltsov
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  8. Karel Kudela
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  9. Monica Laurenza
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  12. Ilya G. Usoskin
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Correspondence to Rami Vainio.

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Vainio, R., Desorgher, L., Heynderickx, D. et al. Dynamics of the Earth’s Particle Radiation Environment. Space Sci Rev 147, 187–231 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-009-9496-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-009-9496-7

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