Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Remote Sensing Observations of the Solar Corona

  • Chapter
Physics of the Inner Heliosphere I

Part of the book series: Physics and Chemistry in Space, Space and Solar Phycics ((SPACE,volume 20))

Abstract

In situ measurements of the outer solar atmosphere have been conducted only down to a distance of 0.3 AU (62R ⊙) by the Helios spacecraft. Follow-on missions deeper into the corona such as the Solar Probe [2.162] are not likely to be realized for many years. As a result, the only reliable tools presently available for investigations inside of 0.3 AU are remote sensing of emissions which either (a) are generated naturally within the region, or (b) travel through the medium as a probe signal.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Allen, C.W., Interpretation of electron densities from corona brightness, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 107, 426–432, 1947.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. Altschuler, M.D., G. Newkirk, Jr., Magnetic fields and the structure of the solar corona, Solar Phys., 9, 131–149, 1969.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. Anderson, J.D., T.P. Krisher, S.E. Borutzki, M.J. Connally, P.M. Eshe, H.B. Hotz, S. Kinslow, E.R. Kursinski, L.B. Light, S.E. Matousek, K.I. Moyd, D.C. Roth, D.N. Sweetnam, A.H. Taylor, G.L. Tyler, D.L. Gresh, P.A. Rosen, Radio range measurements of coronal electron densities at 13 and 3.6 centimeter wavelengths during the 1985 solar occultation of Voyager 2, Ap. J., 323, L141-L143, 1987.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. Anzer, U., G.W. Pneuman, Magnetic reconnection and coronal transients, Solar Phys., 79, 129–147, 1982.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Armand, N.A., A.I. Efimov, O.I. Yakovlev, A model of the solar wind turbulence from radio occultation experiments, Astron. Astrophys., 183, 135–141, 1987.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Armstrong, J.W., W.A. Coles, Analysis of three station interplanetary scintillations, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 4602–4609, 1972.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Armstrong, J.W., W.A. Coles, M. Kojima, B.J. Rickett, Solar wind observations near the Sun, in The Sun and the Heliosphere in Three Dimensions, ed. by R.G. Marsden, 59–64, Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Armstrong, J.W., R. Woo, Solar wind motion within 30R ⊙: spacecraft radio scintillation observations, Astron. Astrophys., 103, 415–421, 1981.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Axford, W.I., The three-dimensional structure of the interplanetary medium, in Study of Travelling Interplanetary Phenomena 1977, ed. by M.A. Shea et al., 145–164, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Beard, D.B., The solar corona, Ap. J., 234, 696–706, 1979.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. Beard, D.B., Infrared coronal polarization and the size of interplanetary dust particles, Astron. Astrophys., 132, 317–320, 1984.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Berman, A.L., DSN telecommunications interfaces, solar corona and solar wind effects, in Deep Space Network/Flight Project Interface Design Handbook, JPL Doc. 810–5, Rev. D, Vol. I, TCI-50, 1–19, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Berman, A.L., A.D. Conteas, Voyager 1979: update to the radial and solar cycle variations in the solar wind phase fluctuation spectral index, DSN Prog. Rep 42–54, 71–81, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Bird, M.K., Coronal sounding with pulsars, in Solar Wind 4, ed. by H. Rosenbauer, MPAE-W-100–81–31, 78–83, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bird, M.K., Coronal sounding with occulted spacecraft signals, Space Sci. Rev., 33, 99–126, 1982.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. Bird, M.K., E. Schrüfer, H. Volland, W. Sieber, Coronal Faraday rotation during solar occultation of PSR 0525+21, Nature, 283, 459–460, 1980.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. Bird, M.K., H. Volland, R.A. Howard, M.J. Koomen, D.J. Michels, N.R. Sheeley, Jr., J.W. Armstrong, B.L. Seidel, C.T. Stelzried, R. Woo, Coronal transients observed during solar occultation of the Helios spacecraft in STIP Interval VIII, in STIP Symposium on Solar/Interplanetary Intervals, ed. by M.A. Shea et al., 101–112, Book Crafters, Chelsea, Michigan, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Bird, M.K., H. Volland, R.A. Howard, M.J. Koomen, D.J. Michels, N.R. Sheeley, Jr., J.W. Armstrong, B.L. Seidel, C.T. Stelzried, R. Woo, White-light and radio sounding observations of coronal transients, Solar Phys., 98, 341–368, 1985.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. Bird, M.K., H. Volland, B.L. Seidel, C.T. Stelzried, The cross sectional magnetic profile of a coronal transient, in Solar and Interplanetary Dynamics, ed. by M. Dryer, E. Tandberg-Hanssen, 475–481, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bird, M.K., H. Volland, C.T. Stelzried, G.S. Levy, B.L. Seidel, Faraday rotation transients observed during solar occultation of the Helios spacecraft, in Contributed Papers to the Study of Travelling Interplanetary Phenomena, ed. by. M.A. Shea et al., AFGL-TR-77–0309, 63–75, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Blums, D.F., N.A. Lotova, On the recurrence of solar wind as a function of heliographic latitude, Sov. Astron., 23(4), 491–492, 1979.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. Bogdan, T.J., The determination of coronal potential magnetic fields using line-of-sight boundary conditions, Solar Phys., 103, 311–315, 1986.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. Bommier, V., S. Sahal-Bréchot, The Hanle effect of the coronal Lα line of hydrogen: theoretical investigation, Solar Phys., 78, 157–178, 1982.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. Bougeret, J.-L., J.H. King, R. Schwenn, Solar radio burst and in situ determination of interplanetary electron density, Solar Phys., 90, 401–412, 1984.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. Bourgois, G., W.A. Coles, G. Daigne, J. Silen, T. Turunen, P.J. Williams, Measurements of the solar wind velocity with EISCAT, Astron. Astrophys., 144, 452–462, 1985.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. Bradford, H.M., D. Routledge, Coronal occultation of Voyager 2, 1979 August, Mon. Not. R. Astr. Soc., 190, 73P-77P, 1980.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. Brecher, K., A. Brecher, P. Morrison, I. Wasserman, Is there a ring around the sun?, Nature, 282, 50–52, 1979.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. Brueckner, G.E., J.-D.F. Bartoe, Observations of high-energy jets in the corona above the quiet sun, the heating of the corona, and the acceleration of the solar wind, Ap. J., 272, 329–348, 1983.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. Bruno, R., L.F. Burlaga, A.J. Hundhausen, K-coronameter observations and potential field comparison in 1976 and 1977, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 5381–5385, 1984.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. Bumba, V., R. Howard, Solar activity and recurrences in magnetic field distribution, Solar Phys., 7, 28–38, 1969.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. Burlaga, L.F., A.J. Hundhausen, X. Zhao, The coronal and interplanetary current sheet in early 1976, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 8893–8898, 1981.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. Burlaga, L.F., L. Klein, N.R. Sheeley, Jr., D.J. Michels, R.A. Howard, M.J. Koomen, R. Schwenn, H. Rosenbauer, A magnetic cloud and a coronal mass ejection, Geophys. Res. Lett., 9, 1317–1320, 1982.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. Callahan, P.S., Interpretation of columnar content measurements of the solar wind turbulence, Ap. J., 187, 185–190, 1974.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. Callahan, P.S., Columnar content measurements of the solar wind turbulence near the sun, Ap. J., 199, 227–236, 1975.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. Cane, H.V., R.G. Stone, R. Woo, Velocity of the shock generated by a large east limb flare on August 18, 1979, Geophys. Res. Lett., 9, 897–900, 1982.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. Cane, H.V., N.R. Sheeley, Jr., R.A. Howard, Energetic interplanetary shocks, radio emission, and coronal mass ejections, J Geophys. Res., 92, 9869–9874, 1987.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. Chipman, E.G., The Solar Maximum Mission, Ap. J., 244, L113-L115, 1981.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. Coles, W.A., Interplanetary scintillation, Space Sci. Rev., 21, 411–425, 1978.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. Coles, W.A., J.K. Harmon, Propagation observations of the solar wind near the sun, Ap. J., 337, 1023–1034, 1989.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. Coles, W.A., J.J. Kaufman, Solar wind velocity estimation from multi-station IPS, Radio Sci., 13, 591–597, 1978.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. Coles, W.A., B.J. Rickett, V.H. Rumsey, Interplanetary scintillations, in Solar Wind Three, ed. by. C.T. Russell, 351–367, Inst. Geophys. Planet. Phys., UCLA, Los Angeles, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Coles, W.A., B.J. Rickett, V.H. Rumsey, J.J. Kaufman, D.G. Turley, S. Ananthakrishnan, J.W. Armstrong, J.K. Harmon, S.L. Scott, D.G. Sime, Solar cycle changes in the polar solar wind, Nature, 286, 239–241, 1980.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. Counselman III, C. C., J.M. Rankin, Density of the solar corona from occultations of NP 0532, Ap. J., 175, 843–856, 1972.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. Crifo, F., J.P. Picat, M. Cailloux, Coronal transients: loop or bubble?, Solar Phys., 83, 143–152, 1983.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. Croft, T.A., Traveling regions of high solar wind density observed in early August 1972, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 3159–3166, 1973.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. Cushman, G.W., W.A. Rense, Evidence of outward flow of plasma in a coronal hole, Ap. J., 207, L61-L62, 1976 [Erratum, Ap. J., 211, L57, 1977].

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. Denskat, K.U., H.J. Beinroth, F.M. Neubauer, Interplanetary magnetic field power spectra with frequencies from 2.4 × 10-5Hz to 470 Hz from HELIOS-observations during solar minimum conditions, J. Geophys., 54, 60–67, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Dryer, M., Coronal transient phenomena, Space Sci. Rev., 33, 233–275, 1982.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. Dryer, M., S.T. Wu, R.S. Steinolfson, R.M. Wilson, Magnetohydrodynamic models of coronal transients in the meridional plane. II. Simulation of the coronal transient of 1973 August 21, Ap. J., 227, 1059–1071, 1979.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. Dulk, G.W., Radio and white-light observations of coronal transients, in Radio Physics of the Sun, ed. by M.R. Kundu, T.E. Gergely, 419–432, Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Dulk, G.A., Radio emission from the sun and stars, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys., 23, 169–224, 1985.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. Dulk, G.A., D.J. McLean, Coronal magnetic fields, Solar Phys., 57, 279–295, 1978.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. Dulk, G.A., S.F. Smerd, R.M. MacQueen, J.T. Gosling, A. Magun, R.T. Stewart, K.V. Sheridan, R.D. Robinson, S. Jacques, White light and radio studies of the coronal transient of 14–15 September 1973, Solar Phys., 49, 369–394, 1976.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. Dürst, J., Two colour photometry and polarimetry of the solar corona of 16 February 1980, Astron. Astrophys., 112, 241–250, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Eddy, J.A., A nineteenth-century coronal transient, Astron. Astrophys., 34, 235–240, 1974.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  56. Edenhofer, P., Helios-Okkultationsexperiment: Plasma-Fernerkundung mit Laufzeitmessungen, BMFT-FB-W 81–051, 1981 (in German).

    Google Scholar 

  57. Edenhofer, P., M.K. Bird, H. Volland, Comparison of time delay and Faraday rotation measurements from the HELIOS spacecraft, Kleinheubacher Ber., 21, 305–312, 1978.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  58. Edenhofer, P., P.B. Esposito, R.T. Hansen, S.F. Hansen, E. Lüneburg, W.L. Martin, A.I. Zygielbaum, Time delay occultation data of the Helios spacecrafts and preliminary analysis for probing the solar corona, J. Geophys. 42, 673–698, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Edenhofer, P., P.B. Esposito, E. Lüneburg, Hydromagnetic wavelike phenomena from Helios time delay measurements by remote sensing, Kleinheubacher Ber., 23, 267–273, 1980.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. Efimov, A.I., O.I. Yakovlev, V.K. Shtrykov, V.I. Rogal’sky, V.F. Tikhonov, Observations from different points of fluctuations in frequency and phase of radio waves that are scattered by plasma around the sun, Sov. Radio Engg. Electron., 26, 311–318, 1981.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. Beers, R.D., L.T. Little, The motion of the solar wind close to the sun, Astron. Astrophys., 10, 310–316, 1971.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. Esposito, P.B., P. Edenhofer, E. Lüneburg, Solar corona electron density distribution, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 3414–3418, 1980.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  63. Esser, R., E. Leer, S.R. Habbal, G.L. Withbroe, A two-fluid solar wind model with Alfvén waves: parameter study and application to observations, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 2950–2960, 1986.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  64. Fisher, R.R., L.B. Lacey, K.A. Rock, E.A. Yasukawa, N.R. Sheeley, Jr., D.J. Michels, R.A. Howard, M.J. Koomen, A. Bagrov, The solar corona on 31 July, 1981, Solar Phys., 83, 233–242, 1983.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  65. Fisher, R.R., R.H. Lee, R.M. MacQueen, A.I. Poland, New Mauna Loa coronagraph systems, Appl. Opt., 20, 1094–1101, 1981.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  66. Fisher, R., D.G. Sime, Solar activity cycle variation of the K corona, Ap. J., 285, 354–358, 1984.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  67. Fisher, R., D.G. Sime, Rotational characteristics of the white-light corona: 1965–1983, Ap. J., 287, 959–968, 1984.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  68. Gapper, G.R., A. Hewish, A. Purvis, P.J. Duffett-Smith, Observing interplanetary disturbances from the ground, Nature, 296, 633–636, 1982.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  69. Gary, D.E., G.A. Dulk, L. House, R. Illing, C. Sawyer, W.J. Wagner, D.J. McLean, E. Hildner, Type II bursts, shock waves, and coronal transients: the event of 1980 June 29, 0233 UT, Astron. Astrophys., 134, 222–233, 1984.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  70. Gergely, T.E., On the relative velocity of coronal transients and Type II bursts, in STIP Symposium on Solar/Interplanetary Intervals, ed. by. M.A. Shea et al. 347–357, Book Crafters, Chelsea, Michigan, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Gergely, T.E., Type IV bursts and coronal mass ejections, Solar Phys., 104, 175–178, 1986.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  72. Gergely, T.E., M.R. Kundu, R.H. Munro, A.I. Poland, Radio and white-light observations of the 1973 August 21 coronal transient, Ap. J., 230, 575–580, 1979.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  73. Gibson, E.G., The quiet Sun, NASA SP-303, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Goldstein, R.M., Superior conjunction of Pioneer 6, Science, 166, 598–601, 1969.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  75. Gosling, J.T., G. Borrini, J.R. Asbridge, S.J. Bame, W.C. Feldman, R.T. Hansen, Coronal streamers in the solar wind at 1 AU, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 5438–5448, 1981.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  76. Gosling, J.T., E. Hildner, R.M. MacQueen, R.H. Munro, A.I. Poland, C.L. Ross, Mass ejections from the sun: a view from Skylab, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 4581–4587, 1974.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  77. Gosling, J.T., E. Hildner, R.M. MacQueen, R.H. Munro, A.I. Poland, C.L. Ross, The speeds of coronal mass ejection events, Solar Phys., 48, 389–397, 1976.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  78. Hansen, R.T., C.J. Garcia, S.F. Hansen, H.G. Loomis, Brightness variations of the white light corona during the years 1964–67, Solar Phys., 7, 417–433, 1969.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  79. Harrison, R.A., Solar coronal mass ejections and flares, Astron. Astrophys., 162, 283–291, 1986.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  80. Hewish, A., Observations of the solar plasma using radio scattering and scintillation methods, in Solar Wind, ed. by C.P. Sonett et al., NASA SP-308, 477–493, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Hewish, A., S. Bravo, The sources of large-scale heliospheric disturbances, Solar Phys., 106, 185–200, 1986.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  82. Hewish, A., P.J. Duffett-Smith, A new method of forecasting geomagnetic activity and proton showers, Planet. Space Sci., 35, 487–491, 1987.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  83. Hildner, E., Do we understand coronal mass ejections yet?, Adv. Space Res., 6(6), 297–306, 1986.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  84. Hildner, E., J.T. Gosling, R.T. Hansen, J.D. Bohlin, The sources of material comprising a mass ejection coronal transient, Solar Phys., 45, 363–376, 1975.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  85. Hildner, E., J.T. Gosling, R.M. MacQueen, R.H. Munro, A.I. Poland, C.L. Ross, Frequency of coronal transients and solar activity, Solar Phys., 48, 127–135, 1976.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  86. Hoeksema, J.T., Extending the sun’s magnetic field through the three-dimensional heliosphere, Adv. Space Res., 9(4), 141–152, 1989.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  87. Hoeksema, J.T., P.H. Scherrer, The solar magnetic field — 1976 through 1985, WDC-A Report UAG-94, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Hoeksema, J.T., P.H. Scherrer, Rotation of the coronal magnetic field, Ap. J., 318, 428–436, 1987.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  89. Hoeksema, J.T., J.M. Wilcox, P.H. Scherrer, Structure of the heliospheric current sheet in the early portion of sunspot cycle 21, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 10331–10338, 1982.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  90. Hoeksema, J.T., J.M. Wilcox, P.H. Scherrer, The structure of the heliospheric current sheet 1978–1982, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 9910–9918, 1983.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  91. Hollweg, J.V., Alfvén waves in the solar atmosphere, Solar Physics, 56, 305–333, 1978.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  92. Hollweg, J.V., M.K. Bird, H. Volland, P. Edenhofer, C.T. Stelzried, B.L. Seidel, Possible evidence for coronal Alfvén waves, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 1–8, 1982.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  93. Hollweg, J.V., J.R. Jokipii, Wavelength dependence of the interplanetary scintillation index, in Solar Wind, ed. by C.P. Sonett et al., NASA SP-308, 494–505, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  94. House, L.L., W.J. Wagner, E. Hildner, C. Sawyer, H.U. Schmidt, Studies of the corona with the Solar Maximum Mission coronagraph/polarimeter, Ap. J., 244, L117-L121, 1981.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  95. Howard, R.A., D.J. Michels, N.R. Sheeley, Jr., M.J. Koomen, The observation of a coronal transient directed at Earth, Ap. J., 263, L101-L104, 1982.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  96. Howard, R.A., N.R. Sheeley, Jr., M.J. Koomen, D.J. Michels, Coronal mass ejections: 1979–1981, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 8173–8191, 1985.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  97. Howard, R.A., N.R. Sheeley, Jr., D.J. Michels, M.J. Koomen, The solar cycle dependence of coronal mass ejections, in The Sun and Heliosphere in Three Dimensions, ed. by R.G. Marsden, 107–111, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Hundhausen, A.J.: Coronal Expansion and Solar Wind, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Hundhausen, A.J., The origin and propagation of coronal mass ejections, in Proc. 6th International Solar Wind Conf., ed. by V.J. Pizzo et al., 181–214, NCAR/TN-306, HAO-NCAR, Boulder, CO/USA, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Hundhausen, J.R., A.J. Hundhausen, E.G. Zweibel, Magnetostatic atmospheres in a spherical geometry and their application to the solar corona, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 11117–11126, 1981.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  101. Hundhausen, A.J., C.B. Sawyer, L. House, R.M.E. Illing, W.J. Wagner, Coronal mass ejections observed during the Solar Maximum Mission: latitude distribution and rate of occurrence, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 2639–2646, 1984.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  102. Illing, R.M.E., A.J. Hundhausen, Possible observation of a disconnected magnetic structure in a coronal transient, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 10210–10214, 1983.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  103. Isobe, S., T. Hirayama, N. Baba, N. Miura, Optical polarization observations of circumsolar dust during the 1983 solar eclipse, Nature, 318, 644–646, 1985.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  104. Jackson, B.V., R.A. Howard, N.R. Sheeley, Jr., D.J. Michels, M.J. Koomen, R.M.E. Illing, Helios spacecraft and Earth perspective observations of three looplike solar mass ejection transients, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 5075–5081, 1985.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  105. Jackson, B.V., C. Leinert, Helios images of solar mass ejections, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 10759–10764, 1985.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  106. Jokipii, J.R., Turbulence and scintillations in the interplanetary plasma, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys., 11, 1–28, 1973.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  107. Kahler, S., Coronal mass ejections, Rev. Geophys., 25, 663–675, 1987.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  108. Kahler, S., Observations of coronal mass ejections near the sun, in Proc. 6th Internat. Solar Wind Conf., ed. by V.J. Pizzo et al., 215–231, NCAR/TN-306, HAO-NCAR, Boulder, CO/USA, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Kahler, S., N.R. Sheeley, Jr., R.A. Howard, M.J. Koomen, D.J. Michels, Characteristics of flares producing metric type II bursts and coronal mass ejections, Solar Phys., 93, 133–141, 1984.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  110. Kakinuma, T., T. Watanabe, Interplanetary scintillation of radio sources during August 1972, Space Sci. Rev., 19, 611–627, 1976.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  111. Kawashima, N., Analysis of fluctuations in the interplanetary magnetic field obtained by IMP 2, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 225–230, 1969.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  112. Koehler, R.L., Radio propagation measurements of pulsed plasma streams from the sun using Pioneer spacecraft, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 4883–4894, 1968.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  113. Kohl, J.L., G.L. Withbroe, C.A. Zapata, G. Noci, Spectroscopic measurements of solar wind generation, in Solar Wind 5, ed. by M. Neugebauer, NASA CP-2280, 47–60, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Kojima, M., T. Kakinuma, Solar cycle evolution of solar wind speed structure between 1973 and 1985 observed with the interplanetary scintillation method, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 7269–7279, 1987.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  115. Kolosov, M.A., O.I. Yakovlev, A.I. Efimov, V.I. Rogal’sky, V.M. Razmanov, V.K. Shtrykov, Decimeter radio wave propagation in the turbulent plasma near the sun, using Venera 10 spacecraft, Radio Sci., 17, 664–674, 1982.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  116. Koomen, M.J., C.R. Detweiler, G.E. Brueckner, H.W. Cooper, R. Tousey, White light coronagraph in OSO-7, Appl. Opt., 14, 743–751, 1975.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  117. Koutchmy, S., P.L. Lamy, The F-corona and the circumsolar dust evidence and properties, in Properties and Interactions of Interplanetary Dust, ed by R.H. Giese, P. Lamy, 63–74, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, 1985

    Google Scholar 

  118. Krieger, A.S., Temporal behavior of coronal holes, in Coronal Holes and High Speed Wind Streams, ed. by J.B. Zirker, 71–102, Colorado Asso. Univ. Press, Boulder, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Landt, J.A., T.A. Croft, Shape of a solar wind disturbance on July 9, 1966, inferred from radio signal delay to Pioneer 6, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 4623–4630, 1970.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  120. Lebecq, C., S. Koutchmy, G. Stellmacher, The 1981 total solar eclipse corona, II. Global absolute photometric analysis, Astron. Astrophys., 152, 157–164, 1985.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  121. Leer, E, Wave acceleration mechanisms for the solar wind, in Proc. 6th International Solar Wind Conf., ed. by V.J. Pizzo et al., 89–106, NCAR/TN-306, HAO-NCAR, Boulder, CO/USA, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Leer, E., T.E. Holzer, T. Fla, Acceleration of the solar wind, Space Sci. Rev., 33, 161–200, 1982.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  123. Leinert, C., E. Grün, Interplanetary dust, in Physics of the Inner Heliosphere (this volume).

    Google Scholar 

  124. Leinert, C., M. Hanner, H. Link, E. Pitz, Search for a dust free zone around the sun from the Helios 1 solar probe, Astron. Astrophys. 64, 119–122, 1978.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  125. Levine, R.H., M.D. Altschuler, Representations of coronal magnetic fields including currents, Solar Phys., 36, 345–350, 1974.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  126. Levine, R.H., M. Schulz, E.N. Frazier, Simulation of the magnetic structure of the inner heliosphere by means of a non-spherical source surface, Solar Phys., 77, 363–392, 1982.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  127. Levy, G.S., T. Sato, B.L. Seidel, C.T. Stelzried, J.E. Ohlson, W.V.T. Rusch, Pioneer 6: measurement of transient Faraday rotation phenomena observed during solar occultation, Science, 166, 596–598, 1969.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  128. Lotova, N.A., The solar wind transsonic region, Solar Phys., 117, 399–406, 1988.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  129. Lotova, N.A., D.F. Blums, K.V. Vladimirskii, Interplanetary scintillation and the structure of the solar wind transonic region, Astron. Astrophys., 150, 266–272, 1985.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  130. Lotova, N.A., I.V. Chashey, The fine structure of solar wind velocity, in Solar Wind Three, ed. by C.T. Russell, 375–381, Inst. Geophys. and Planet. Phys., UCLA, Los Angeles, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  131. Lotova, N.A., Y.V. Nagelys, The investigation of the solar wind transsonic region at meter wavelengths, Solar Phys., 117, 407–414, 1988.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  132. Loucif, M.L., S. Koutchmy, Solar cycle variations of coronal structures, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser., 77, 45–66, 1989.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  133. Low, B.C., Eruptive solar magnetic fields, Ap. J., 251, 352–363, 1981.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  134. Low, B.C., On the large-scale magnetostatic coronal structures and their stability, Ap. J., 286, 772–786, 1984.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  135. MacQueen, R.M., Infrared observations of the outer solar corona, Ap. J., 154, 1059–1076, 1968.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  136. MacQueen, R.M., Coronal transients: a summary, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., A297, 605–620, 1980.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  137. MacQueen, R.M., Coronal mass ejections: acceleration and surface associations, Solar Phys., 95, 359–361, 1985.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  138. MacQueen, R.M., Coronal magnetic fields — a mini survey, in The Sun and Heliosphere in Three Dimensions, ed. by R.G. Marsden, 5–18, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  139. MacQueen, R.M., A. Csoeke-Poeckh, E. Hildner, L. House, R. Reynolds, A. Stanger, H. Tepoel, W. Wagner, The High Altitude Observatory Coronagraph/Polarimeter on the Solar Maximum Mission, Solar Phys., 65, 91–105, 1980.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  140. MacQueen, R.M., J.A. Eddy, J.T. Gosling, E. Hildner, R.H. Munro, G.A. Newkirk, Jr., A.I. Poland, C.L. Ross, The outer solar corona as observed from Skylab: preliminary results, Ap. J., 187, L85-L88, 1974.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  141. MacQueen, R.M., R.R. Fisher, The kinematics of solar inner coronal transients, Solar Phys., 89, 89–102, 1983.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  142. Mampaso, A., C. Sanchez-Magro, M.J. Shelby, A.D. MacGregor, Infrared observations of the thermal emission from the corona, Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrof., 8, 3–6, 1983.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  143. Maran, S.P., B.E. Woodgate, A second chance for Solar Max, Sky & Telescope, 67, 498–500, 1984.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  144. Mariani, F., F.M. Neubauer, Interplanetary magnetic field, in Physics of the Inner Heliosphere (this volume).

    Google Scholar 

  145. Marshallm, E., Working solar monitor shot down by ASAT, Science, 230, 44–45, 1985.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  146. Martin, J.M., Voyager microwave scintillation measurements of solar wind plasma parameters, Sci. Rept. D208–1985–1, Center for Radar Astronomy, Stanford University, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  147. Martin, W., A binary-coded sequential acquisition ranging system, JPL Space Prog. Sum., 37–57/II, 72–81, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  148. Martin, W., A.I. Zygielbaum, Mu-II ranging, JPL Tech. Memorandum, 33–768, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  149. McLean, D.J., N.R. Labrum (eds.), Solar Radiophysics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  150. Michels, D.J., R.A. Howard, M.J. Koomen, N.R. Sheeley, Jr., Satellite observations of the outer corona near sunspot maximum, in Radio Physics of the Sun, ed. by M.R. Kundu, T.E. Gergely, 439–442, Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  151. Michels, D.J., N.R. Sheeley, Jr., R.A. Howard, M.J. Koomen, R. Schwenn, K.H. Mühlhäuser, H. Rosenbauer, Synoptic observations of coronal transients and their interplanetary consequences, Adv. Space Res., 4(7), 311–321, 1984.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  152. Misconi, N.Y., E.T. Rusk, Brightness contribution of zodiacal dust along the line of sight in and out of the ecliptic plane and in the F-corona, Planet. Space Sci., 35, 1571–1574, 1987.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  153. Mizutani, K., T. Maihara, N. Hiromoto, H. Takami, Near-infrared observation of the circumsolar dust emission during the 1983 solar eclipse, Nature, 312, 134–136, 1984

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  154. Mouschovias, T.C., A.I. Poland, Expansion and broadening of coronal loop transients: a theoretical explanation, Ap. J., 220, 675–682, 1978.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  155. Muhleman, D.O., J.D. Anderson, Solar wind electron densities from Viking dual-frequency radio measurements, Ap. J., 247, 1093–1101, 1981.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  156. Muhleman, D.O., R.D. Ekers, E.B. Fomalont, Radio interferometric test of the general relativistic light bending near the sun, Phys. Rev. Lett., 24, 1377–1380, 1970.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  157. Muhlemen, D.O., P.B. Esposito, J.D. Anderson, The electron density profile of the outer corona and the interplanetary medium from Mariner 6 and Mariner 7 time-delay measurements, Ap. J., 211, 943–957, 1977.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  158. Munro, R.H., J.T. Gosling, E. Hildner, R.M. MacQueen, A.I. Poland, C.L. Ross, The association of coronal mass ejection transients with other forms of solar activity, Solar Phys., 61, 201–215, 1979.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  159. Munro, R.H., B.V. Jackson, Physical properties of a polar coronal hole from 2 to 5R ⊙, Ap. J., 213, 874–886, 1977.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  160. Munro, R.H., D.G. Sime, White-light coronal transients observed from Skylab May 1973 to February 1974: a classification by apparent morphology, Solar Phys., 97, 191–201, 1985.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  161. Nash, A.G., N.R. Sheeley, Jr., Y.-M. Wang, Mechanisms for the rigid rotation of coronal holes, Solar Phys., 117, 359–389, 1988.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  162. Neugebauer, M., R.W. Davies (eds.), A Close-up of the Sun, JPL Publ. 78–70, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  163. Ness, N.F., J.M. Wilcox, Solar origin of the interplanetary magnetic field, Phys. Rev. Lett., 13, 461–464, 1964.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  164. Newkirk, G., Jr., Structure of the solar corona, Ann. Rev. Astr. Astrophys., 5, 213–266, 1967.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  165. Ohlson, J.E., G.S. Levy, C.T. Stelzried, A tracking Polarimeter for measuring solar and ionospheric Faraday rotation of signals from deep space probes, IEEE Trans. Instru. Meas., 23, 167–177, 1974.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  166. Orrall, F.Q., G.J. Rottman, J.A. Klimchuk, Outflow from the sun’s polar corona, Ap. J., 266, L65-L68, 1983.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  167. Osherovich, V.A., E.B. Gliner, I. Tzur, Theoretical model of the solar corona during sunspot minimum. II. Dynamic approximation, Ap. J., 288, 396–400, 1985.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  168. Osherovich, V.A., I. Tzur, E.B. Gliner, Theoretical model of the solar corona during sunspot minimum. I. Quasi-static approximation, Ap. J., 284, 412–421, 1984.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  169. Parker, E.N, Dynamics of the interplanetary gas and magnetic fields, Ap. J., 128, 664–676, 1958.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  170. Parker, G.D., A comparison of coronal rotation and interplanetary recurrence during 1964–1976, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 7235–7240, 1987.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  171. Parker, G.D., Radial variation of differential rotation in the solar electron corona, Solar Phys., 108, 77–87, 1987.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  172. Parker, G.D., R.T. Hansen, S.F. Hansen, Coronal rotation during solar cycle 20, Solar Phys., 80, 185–198, 1982.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  173. Pätzold, M., M.K. Bird, H. Volland, G.S. Levy, B.L. Seidel, C.T. Stelzried, The mean coronal magnetic field determined from Helios Faraday rotation measurements, Solar Phys., 109, 91–105, 1987.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  174. Peterson, A.W., Thermal radiation from interplanetary dust, Ap. J., 138, 1218–1230, 1963.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  175. Phinney, R.A., D.L. Anderson, On the radio occultation method for studying planetary atmospheres, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 1819–1827, 1968.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  176. Pneuman, G.W., Ejection of magnetic fields from the sun: acceleration of a solar wind containing diamagnetic plasmoids, Ap. J., 265, 468–482, 1983.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  177. Pneuman, G.W., The ‘melon seed’ mechanism and coronal transients, Solar Phys., 94, 387–411, 1984.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  178. Pneuman, G.W., R.A. Kopp, Gas-magnetic field interactions in the solar corona, Solar Phys., 18, 258–270, 1971.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  179. Pneuman, G.W., F.Q. Orrall, Structure, dynamics and heating of the solar atmosphere, in Physics of the Sun, Vol. II, ed. by P.A. Sturrick et al., 71–134, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  180. Priest, E.R., Solar Magnetohydrodynamics, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  181. Radowski, H.R., P.F. Fougere, E.J. Zawalick, A comparison of power spectral estimates and applications of the maximum entropy method, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 619–625, 1975.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  182. Rao, U.R., T.K. Alex, V.S. Iyengar, K. Kasturirangan, T.M.K. Marar, R.S. Mathur, D.P. Sharma, IR observations of the solar corona — a ring around the sun?, Nature, 289, 779–780, 1981.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  183. Readhead, A.C.S., M.C. Kemp, A. Hewish, The spectrum of small-scale density fluctuations in the solar wind, Mon. Not. R. Astr. Soc., 185, 207–225, 1978.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  184. Rickett, B.J., Disturbances in the solar wind from IPS measurements in August 1972, Solar Phys., 43, 237–247, 1975.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  185. Rickett, B.J., W.A. Coles, Solar cycle evolution of the solar wind in three dimensions, in Solar wind 5, ed. by M. Neugebauer, NASA CP-2280, 315–321, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  186. Riesebieter, W., F.M. Neubauer, A comparison of 3D solar wind predictions with observations, in Pleins Feux sur la Physique Solaire, Proc. Euro. Solar Phys., Toulouse, France 331–340, CNRS, Paris, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  187. Roberts, D.A., Interplanetary observational constraints on Alfvén wave acceleration of the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 6899–6905, 1989.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  188. Rosenbauer, H., R. Schwerin, E. Marsch, B. Meyer, H. Miggenrieder, M.D. Montgomery, K.H. Mühlhäuser, W. Pillip, W. Voges, S.M. Zink, A survey on initial results of the Helios plasma experiment, J. Geophys., 42, 561–580, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  189. Rosner, R., B.C. Low, T.E. Holzer, Physical processes in the solar corona, in Physics of the Sun, Vol. II, ed. by P.A. Sturrock et al., 135–180, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  190. Rottman, G.J., F.Q. Orrall, Observational evidence for solar wind acceleration at the base of coronal holes, in Solar Wind 5, ed. by M. Neugebauer, NASA CP-2280, 199–210, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  191. Rottman, G.J., F.Q. Orrall, EUV observations of solar coronal outflows, in Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun, ed. by M. Zeilik, D.M. Gibson, 439–441, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  192. Rubtsov, S.N., O.I. Yakovlev, A.I. Efimov, Plasma density, inhomogeneity, and kinetic energy of the solar wind: radio occultation data from Venera 15 and 16, Cosmic Res., 25, 475–480, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  193. Rušin, V., M. Rybanský, Structure of the solar corona during the solar eclipse of 1980 February 16, Bull. Astron. Inst. Czech, 34, 257–264, 1983.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  194. Rušin, V., M. Rybanský, Absolute photometry of the corona during the solar eclipse of 1980 February 16, Bull. Astro. Inst. Czech., 34, 265–276, 1983.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  195. Rušin, V., M. Rybanský, The white-light and emission corona on July 31, 1981, Bull. Astron. Inst. Czech., 35, 347–353, 1984.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  196. Rušin, V., M. Rybanský, Variations of the total brightness of the white-light corona with the phase of the solar cycle, Bull. Astron. Inst. Czech., 36, 77–81, 1985.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  197. Rušin, V., M. Rybanský, The structure of the white-light corona on June 11, 1983, Bull. Astron. Inst. Czech., 36, 281–283, 1985.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  198. Rybanský, M., V. Rušin, The total brightness of the corona during the solar eclipse of February 16, 1980, Bull. Astron. Inst. Czech., 36, 73–77, 1985.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  199. Sahal-Bréchot, S., M. Malinovsky, V. Bommier, The polarization of the O VI 1032 Å line as a probe for measuring the coronal vector magnetic field via the Hanle effect, Astron. Astrophys., 168, 284–300, 1986.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  200. Saito, K., A.I. Poland, R.H. Munro, A study of the background corona near solar minimum, Solar Phys., 55, 121–134, 1977.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  201. Schatten, K.H., Coronal magnetic field models, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 13, 589–592, 1975.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  202. Schatten, K.H., J.M. Wilcox, N.F. Ness, A model of interplanetary and coronal magnetic fields, Solar Phys., 6, 442–455, 1969.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  203. Schmidt, R., V. Domingo, S.D. Shawhan, D. Bohlin, Cluster and SOHO: a joint endeavor by ESA and NASA to address problems in solar, heliospheric and space plasma physics, EOS, 69, 177–190, 1988.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  204. Schulz, M., E.N. Frazier, D.J. Boucher Jr., Coronal magnetic field model with non-spherical source surface, Solar Phys., 60, 83–104, 1978.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  205. Schwerin, R., The “average” solar wind in the inner heliosphere: structure and slow variations, in Solar Wind Five, ed. by M. Neugebauer, NASA CP-2280, 489–507, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  206. Schwerin, R., Direct correlations between coronal transients and interplanetary disturbances, Space Sci. Rev., 34, 85–99, 1983.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  207. Schwerin, R., Relationship of coronal transients to interplanetary shocks: 3D aspects, Space Sci. Rev., 44, 139–168, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  208. Schwerin, R., Large-scale structure of the interplanetary medium, in Physics of the Inner Heliosphere (this volume)

    Google Scholar 

  209. Scott, S.L., B.J. Rickett, J.W. Armstrong, The velocity and the density spectrum of the solar wind from simultaneous three-frequency IPS observations, Astron. Astrophys., 123, 191–206, 1983.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  210. Scott, S.L., W.A. Coles, G. Bourgois, Solar wind observations near the sun using interplanetary scintillation, Astron. Astrophys., 123, 207–215, 1983.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  211. Sheeley, N.R., Jr., R.A. Howard, M.J. Koomen, D.J. Michels, Associations between coronal mass ejections and soft X-ray events, Ap. J., 272, 349–354, 1983.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  212. Sheeley, N.R., Jr., R.A. Howard, M.J. Koomen, D.J. Michels, R. Schwerin, K.H. Mühlhäuser, H. Rosenbauer, Coronal mass ejections and interplanetary shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 163–175, 1985.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  213. Sheeley, N.R., Jr., R.A. Howard, D.J. Michels, M.J. Koomen, Solar observations with a new earth-orbiting coronagraph, in Solar and Interplanetary Dynamics, ed. by M. Dryer, E. Tandberg-Hanssen, 55–60, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  214. Sheeley, N.R., Jr., D.J. Michels, R.A. Howard, M.J. Koomen, Initial observations with the Solwind coronagraph, Ap. J., 237, L99-L101, 1980.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  215. Sheeley, N.R., Jr., D.J. Michels, R.A. Howard, M.J. Koomen, The great solar eruption of May 24, 1979, EOS, 62, 153, 1981.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  216. Sheeley, N.R., Jr., A.G. Nash, Y.-M. Wang, The origin of rigidly rotating magnetic field patterns on the sun, Ap. J., 319, 481–502, 1987.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  217. Sheeley, N.R. Jr., R.T. Stewart, R.D. Robinson, R.A. Howard, M.J. Koomen, D.J. Michels, Associations between coronal mass ejections and metric type II bursts, Ap. J., 279, 839–847, 1984.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  218. Sime, D.G., Interplanetary scintillation observations of the solar wind close to the sun and out of the ecliptic, in Solar Wind 5, ed. by M. Neugebauer, NASA CP-2280, 453–467, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  219. Sime, D.G., The corona and interplanetary medium during the solar cycle, in Future Missions in Solar, Heliospheric and Space Plasma Physics, ESA SP-235, 23–36, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  220. Sime, D.G., The structure and rotation of the solar corona: implications for the heliosphere, in The Sun and Heliosphere in Three Dimensions, ed. by R.G. Marsden, 45–51, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  221. Sime, D.G., R.R. Fisher, M.K. McCabe, D.L. Mickey, The corona near the time of the 1983 June 11 total solar eclipse, Ap. J., 278, L123-L126, 1984.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  222. Sime, D.G., R.M. MacQueen, A.J. Hundhausen, Density distribution in looplike coronal transients: a comparison of observations and a theoretical model, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 2113–2121, 1984.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  223. Soboleva, N.S., G.M. Timofeeva, The Faraday effect in the solar supercorona during its 1977–1982 radio occultations of the Crab Nebula, Sov. Astron. Lett., 9(4), 216–219, 1983.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  224. Sofue, Y., K. Kawabata, F. Takahashi, N. Kawajiri, Coronal Faraday rotation of the Crab Nebula, 1971–1975, Solar Phys., 50, 465–480, 1976.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  225. St. Cyr, O.C., A.J. Hundhausen, On the interpretation of “Halo” coronal mass ejections, in Proc. 6th International Solar Wind Conf., ed. by V.J. Pizzo et al., 235–241, NCAR/TN-306, HAO/NCAR, Boulder, CO/USA, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  226. Steinolfson, R.S., Modeling of transient disturbances in coronal-streamer configurations, in Solar Wind 5, ed. by M. Neugebauer, NASA CP-2280, 667–673, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  227. Steinolfson, R.S., Type II radio emission in coronal transients, Solar Phys., 94, 193–202, 1984.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  228. Steinolfson, R.S., S.T. Wu, M. Dryer, E. Tandberg-Hanssen, Magnetohydrodynamic models of coronal transients in the meridional plane. I. The effect of the magnetic field, Ap. J., 225, 259–274, 1978.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  229. Stelzried, C.T., G.S. Levy, T. Sato, W.V.T. Rusch, J.E. Ohlson, K.H. Schatten, J.M. Wilcox, The quasi-stationary coronal magnetic field and electron density as determined from a Faraday rotation experiment, Solar Phys., 14, 440–456, 1970.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  230. Stewart, R.T., G.A. Dulk, K.V. Sheridan, L.L. House, W.J. Wagner, C. Sawyer, R. Illing, Visible light observations of a dense plasmoid associated with a moving type IV solar radio burst, Astron. Astrophys., 116, 217–223, 1982.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  231. Suess, S.T., A.K. Richter, C.R. Winge, S.F. Nerney, Solar polar coronal hole — a mathematical Simulation, Ap. J., 217, 296–305, 1977.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  232. Süss, H., Plasma-Femerkundung durch Inversion von Messungen des Elektroneninhaltes bei den Helios-Raumsonden (Okkultationsexperiment), Ph. D. Thesis (in German), University of Bochum, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  233. Svalgaard, L., T.L. Duvall Jr., P.H. Scherrer, The strength of the Sun’s polar fields, Solar Phys., 58, 225–240, 1978.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  234. Svalgaard, L., J.M. Wilcox, Long term evolution of solar sector structure, Solar Phys., 41, 461–475, 1975.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  235. Svalgaard, L., J.M. Wilcox, A view of solar magnetic fields, the solar corona, and the solar wind in three dimensions, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys., 16, 429–443, 1978.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  236. Tappin, S.J., Numerical modelling of scintillation variations from interplanetary disturbances, Planet. Space Sci., 35, 271–283, 1987.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  237. Thieme, K.M., E. Marsch, R. Schwerin, Relationship between structures in the solar wind and their source regions in the corona, in Proc. 6th International Solar Wind Conf., ed. by V.J. Pizzo et al., 317–321, NCAR/TC-306, HAO/NCAR, Boulder, CO/USA, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  238. Tousey, R., The solar corona, Space Res., 13, 713–730, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  239. Tyler, G.L., J.P. Brenkle, T.A. Komarek, A.I. Zygielbaum, The Viking solar corona experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 4335–4340, 1977.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  240. Tyler, G.L., J.F. Vesecky, M.A. Plume, H.T. Howard, A. Barnes, Radio wave scattering observations of the solar corona: first-order measurements of expansion velocity and turbulence spectrum using Viking and Mariner 10 spacecraft, Ap. J., 249, 318–332, 1981.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  241. van de Hulst, H.C., The electron density of the solar corona, Bull. Astron. Inst. Neth., 11, 135–150, 1950.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  242. Vasilyev, M.B., A.S. Vyshlov, M.A. Kolosov, A.P. Mesterton, N.A. Savich, V.A. Samoval, L.N. Samoynaev, A.Z. Sidorenko, Two-frequency radio occultation measurements with Venera-9 and Venera-10 orbiters, Acta Astron., 7, 335–340, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  243. Vlasov, V.I., Radio imagery of the turbulent interplanetary plasma, Sov. Astron., 23(1), 55–59, 1979.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  244. Volland, H., M.K. Bird, G.S. Levy, C.T. Stelzried, B.L. Seidel, Helios-1 Faraday rotation experiment: results and interpretations of the solar occultations in 1975, J. Geophys., 42, 659–672, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  245. Wagner, W.J., Coronal mass ejections, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys., 22, 267–289, 1984.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  246. Wagner, W.J., E. Hildner, L.L. House, C. Sawyer, K.V. Sheridan, G.A. Dulk, Radio and visible light observations of matter ejected from the sun, Ap. J., 244, L123-L126, 1981.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  247. Wang, Y.-M., A.G. Nash, N.R. Sheeley Jr., Magnetic flux transport on the sun, Science, 245, 712–718, 1989.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  248. Wang, Y.-M., N.R. Sheeley Jr., A.G. Nash, L.R. Shampine, The quasi-rigid rotation of coronal magnetic fields, Ap. J., 327, 427–450, 1988.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  249. Ward, B.D., Interplanetary scintillation and flare-produced disturbances, Proc. Astron. Soc. Aus., 2(6), 378–379, 1975.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  250. Watanabe, T., T. Kakinuma, Radio scintillation observations of interplanetary disturbances, Adv. Space Res., 4(7), 331–341, 1984.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  251. Webb, D.F., A.J. Hundhausen, Activity associated with the solar origin of coronal mass ejections, Solar Phys., 108, 383–401, 1987.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  252. Weinberg, J.L., Zodiacal light and interplanetary dust, in Properties and Interactions of Interplanetary Dust, ed. by R.H. Giese, P. Lamy, 1–6, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  253. Weisberg, J.M., J.M. Rankin, R.R. Payne, C.C. Counselman III, Further changes in the distribution of density and radio scattering in the solar corona in 1973, Ap. J., 209, 252–258, 1976.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  254. Wilcox, J.M., J.T. Hoeksema, P.H. Scherrer, Origin of the warped heliospheric current sheet, Science, 209, 603–605, 1980.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  255. Wilcox, J.M., A.J. Hundhausen, Comparison of heliospheric current sheet structure obtained from potential magnetic field computation and from observed polarization coronal brightness, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 8095–8096, 1983.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  256. Withbroe, G.L., Solar wind and coronal structure, ESA Journal, 7, 341–356, 1983.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  257. Withbroe, G.L., Origins of the solar wind in the corona, in The Sun and the Heliosphere in Three Dimensions, ed. by R.G. Marsden, 19–32, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  258. Withbroe, G.L., The temperature structure, mass, and energy flow in the corona and inner solar wind, Ap. J., 325, 442–467, 1988.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  259. Withbroe, G.L., Acceleration of the solar wind as inferred from observations, in Proc. 6th International Solar Wind Conf., ed. by V.J. Pizzo et al., 23–48, NCAR/TN-306, HAO/NCAR, Boulder, CO/USA, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  260. Withbroe, G.L., J.L. Kohl, H. Weiser, Analysis of coronal H I Lyman-alpha measurements in a polar region of the sun observed in 1979, Ap. J., 307, 381–388, 1986.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  261. Withbroe, G.L., J.L. Kohl, H. Weiser, R.H. Munro, Probing the solar wind acceleration region using spectroscopic techniques, Space Sci. Rev., 33, 17–52, 1982.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  262. Withbroe, G.L., J.L. Kohl, H. Weiser, G. Noci, R.H. Munro, Analysis of coronal H I Lyman alpha measurements from a rocket flight on 1979 April 13, Ap. J., 254, 361–370, 1982.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  263. Wolfson, R., A coronal magnetic field model with volume and sheet currents, Ap. J., 288, 769–778, 1985.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  264. Woo, R., Multifrequency techniques for studying interplanetary scintillations, Ap. J., 201, 238–248, 1975.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  265. Woo, R., Measurements of the solar wind using spacecraft radio scattering observations, in Study of Travelling Interplanetary Phenomena/1977, ed. by M.A. Shea et al., 81–100, Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  266. Woo, R., Radial dependence of solar wind properties deduced from Helios 1/2 and Pioneer 10/11 radio scattering observations, Ap. J., 219, 727–739, 1978. [Erratum, Ap. J., 223, 704–705, 1978]

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  267. Woo, R., A synoptic study of Doppler scintillation transients in the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 3919–3926, 1988.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  268. Woo, R., J.W. Armstrong, Spacecraft radio scattering observations of the power spectrum of electron density fluctuations in the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 7288–7296, 1979.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  269. Woo, R., J.W. Armstrong, Measurements of a solar flare-generated shock wave at 13.1R ⊙, Nature, 292, 608–610, 1981.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  270. Woo, R., J.W. Armstrong, N.R. Sheeley, Jr., R.A. Howard, M.J. Koomen, D.J. Michels, R. Schwenn, Doppler scintillation observations of interplanetary shocks within 0.3 AU, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 154–162, 1985.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  271. Woo, R., J.W. Armstrong, N.R. Sheeley, Jr., R.A. Howard, D.J. Michels, M.J. Koomen, Simultaneous radio scattering and white light observations of a coronal transient, Nature, 300, 157–159, 1982.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  272. Wu, S.T., S.M. Han, M. Dryer, Two-dimensional, time-dependent MHD description of interplanetary disturbances: simulation of high speed solar wind interactions, Planet. Space Sci., 27, 255–264, 1979.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  273. Yakovlev, O.I., Radio Wave Propagation in Space, R.E. Krieger Publ. Co., Melbourne, FL/USA, 1990. (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  274. Yeh, T., A magnetohydrodynamic theory of coronal loop transients, Solar Phys., 78, 287–316, 1982.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  275. Zirker, J.B., Coronal Holes and High Speed Wind Streams, Colorado Associated University Press, Boulder, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  276. Zirker, J.B., Progress in coronal physics, Solar Phys., 100, 281–287, 1985.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Michael K. Bird
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Peter Edenhofer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Max-Planck-Institut für Aeronomie, Postfach 20, D-3411, Katlenburg-Lindau, Fed. Rep. of Germany

    Rainer Schwenn  & Eckart Marsch  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bird, M.K., Edenhofer, P. (1990). Remote Sensing Observations of the Solar Corona. In: Schwenn, R., Marsch, E. (eds) Physics of the Inner Heliosphere I. Physics and Chemistry in Space, Space and Solar Phycics, vol 20. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75361-9_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75361-9_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-75363-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-75361-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation