Abstract
At birth, infants have fully developed brains—at least from a macroscopic point of view—and the constituents of the brain are easily recognizable in both humans (Arnold and Trojanowski 1996) and nonhuman primates (Rakic and Nowakowski 1981). However, many events need to occur in various areas of the brain once the child is born in order for it to achieve full maturity, and the human hippocampal formation (HF) is no exception. Although the HF is almost completely developed—macroscopically and structurally—by the time of birth, it does mature. This process of maturation includes absolute growth through the expansion of its constituents (Gogtay et al. 2006; Evans 2006), and the functional refinement of its circuitry at both the anatomic and physiologic levels.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abel LA, Levin S, Holzman PS (1992) Abnormalities of smooth pursuit and saccadic control in schizophrenia and affective disorders. Vision Res 32:1009–1014
Amaral DG, Witter MP (1989) The three-dimensional organization of the hippocampal formation: a review of anatomical data. Neuroscience 31:571–591
Arnold SE, Trojanowski JQ (1996) Human fetal hippocampal development: I. Cytoarchitecture, myeloarchitecture, and neuronal morphologic features. J Comp Neurol 367:274–292
Arnold SE, Hyman BT, Van Hoesen GW, Damasio AR (1991a) Some cytoarchitectural abnormalities of the entorhinal cortex in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:625–632
Arnold SE, Franz BR, Gur RC, Gur RE, Shapiro RM, Moberg PJ, Trojanowski JQ (1995) Smaller neuron size in schizophrenia in hippocampal subfields that mediate cortical-hippocampal interactions. Am J Psychiatry 152:738–748
Bauman M, Kemper TL (1985) Histoanatomic observations of the brain in early infantile autism. Neurology 35:866–874
Cannon TD, Mednick SA, Parnas J, Schulsinger F, Praestholm J, Vestergaard A (1994) Developmental brain abnormalities in the offspring of schizophrenic mothers. II. Structural brain characteristics of schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:955–962
Conrad AJ, Abebe T, Austin R, Forsythe S, Scheibel AB (1991) Hippocampal pyramidal cell disarray in schizophrenia as a bilateral phenomenon. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:413–417
de la Monte SM, Hedley-Whyte ET (1990) Small cerebral hemispheres in adults with Down’s syndrome: contributions of developmental arrest and lesions of Alzheimer’s disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 49:509–520
Debbane M, Glaser B, David MK, Feinstein C, Eliez S (2006a) Psychotic symptoms in children and adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: Neuropsychological and behavioral implications. Schizoph Res 84:187–193
Eriksson PS, Perfilieva E, Bjork-Eriksson T, Alborn AM, Nordborg C, Peterson DA, Gage FH (1998) Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus. Nat Med 4:1313–1317
Evans AC (2006) The NIH MRI study of normal brain development. NeuroImage 30:184–202
Ferrer I, Gullotta F (1990) Down's syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease: dendritic spine counts in the hippocampus. Acta Neuropathol 79:680–685
Galaburda AM, Wang PP, Bellugi U, Rossen M (1994) Cytoarchitectonic anomalies in a genetically based disorder: Williams syndrome. NeuroReport 5:753–757
Gogtay N, Nugent TF 3rd, Herman DH, Ordonez A, Greenstein D, Hayashi KM, Clasen L, Toga AW, Giedd JN, Rapoport JL, Thompson PM (2006) Dynamic mapping of normal human hippocampal development. Hippocampus 16:664–672
Heckers S, Heinsen H, Geiger B, Beckmann H (1991) Hippocampal neuron number in schizophrenia. A stereological study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:1002–1008
Insausti R, Amaral DG (2004) Hippocampal formation. In: Paxinos and Mai (eds) The human nervous system, pp 871–906
Insausti R, Insausti AM, Sobreviela MT, Salinas A, Martinez-Penuela JM (1998a) Human medial temporal lobe in aging: anatomical basis of memory preservation. Microsc Res Tech 43:8–15
Lavenex P, Banta Lavenex P, Amaral DG (2007) Postnatal development of the primate hippocampal formation. Develop Neurosci 29:179–192
Rakic P, Nowakowski RS (1981) The time of origin of neurons in the hippocampal region of the rhesus monkey. J Comp Neurol 196:99–128
Raymond GV, Bauman ML, Kemper TL (1996) Hippocampus in autism: a Golgi analysis. Acta Neuropathol 91:117–119
Raz N, Torres IJ, Briggs SD, Spencer WD, Thornton AE, Loken WJ, Gunning FM, McQuain JD, Driesen NR, Acker JD (1995) Selective neuroanatomic abnormalities in Down’s syndrome and their cognitive correlates: evidence from MRI morphometry. Neurology 45:356–366
Saitoh O, Karns CM, Courchesne E (2001) Development of the hippocampal formation from 2 to 42 years: MRI evidence of smaller area dentata in autism. Brain 124:1317–1324
Sidman RL, Rakic P (1973) Neuronal migration, with special reference to developing human brain: a review. Brain Res 62:1–35
Tanzi RE (1996) Neuropathology in the Down’s syndrome brain. Nat Med 2:31–32
Weiss S (1991) Morphometry and magnetic resonance imaging of the human brain in normal controls and Down’s syndrome. Anat Rec 231:593–598
West JR, Chen WJ, Pantazis NJ (1994) Fetal alcohol syndrome: the vulnerability of the developing brain and possible mechanisms of damage. Met Brain Dis 9:291–322
Witter MP, Amaral DG (2004) Hippocampal formation. In: George Paxinos (ed) The rat nervous system, pp 635–393
Witter MP, Groenewegen HJ, Lopes da Silva FH, Lohman AH (1989) Functional organization of the extrinsic and intrinsic circuitry of the parahippocampal region. Prog Neurobiol 33:161–253
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Insausti, R., Cebada-Sánchez, S., Marcos, P. (2010). Introduction. In: Postnatal Development of the Human Hippocampal Formation. Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology, vol 206. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03661-3_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03661-3_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-03660-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-03661-3
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)