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Role of Phytomedicine in Alleviating Oxidative Stress-Mediated Vascular Complications in Diabetes

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Evidence Based Validation of Traditional Medicines

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Abstract

Oxidative stress development is inevitably associated with diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia triggers excessive free radical generation, frequent oxidation of stable macromolecules, destabilizing conformation of antioxidative enzymes and transcription factors, modulating metabolic pathways, and promoting inflammatory reactions, and ultimately leads to endothelial dysfunctions and vasculopathy. Conventional diabetes management strategies are found inadequate to counter all these associated health issues and often exert many adverse side effects. Phytotherapy in the form of complementary and alternative medicine has raised attention in the treatment of diabetes over the years. Ethnomedicinal knowledge of several plants from traditional literatures have enlighten the path for natural regulation of ailments with safe, economic, and prolonged cure. Extensive pharmacological experiments has also been conducted to affirm the potency of plant-derived active constituents in this regard, and the scientific reports deciphering the underlying mechanism of these molecules in bringing metabolic homeostasis in diabetes is gradually increasing. However, the success rate of developing and marketing of herbal drugs is not satisfactory till date. This book chapter attempts to focus on the detailed pathophysiology of oxidative stress development in diabetes and the important contributions of phytomedicine along with pros and cons in herbal drug development in this context.

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Abbreviations

AGEs:

Advanced glycation end products

AHP:

American Herbal Pharmacopoeia

AYUSH:

Department of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy

BFAD:

The Bureau of Food and Drugs in the Philippines

BHP:

British Herbal Pharmacopoeia

CAM:

Complementary and Alternative Medicines

CAT:

Catalase

eNOS:

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase

GPx:

Glutathione peroxidase

GR:

Glutathione reductase

GSH:

Glutathione

HbA1c:

Glycated haemoglobin

HNE:

4-hydroxynonenal

HNF1A:

Hepatocyte nuclear factor α

IA-2:

Autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase

IAA:

Insulin autoantibodies

ICA:

Islet cell autoantibodies

IHP:

Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia

INGAP:

Islet Neogenesis Associated Protein

IsoLGs:

Isolevuglandins

JNK:

c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways

KHP:

Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia

LADA:

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults

LHPs:

Lipid hydroperoxides

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

MODY:

Mmaturity-onset diabetes of the young

NAFDAC:

National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control in Nigeria

NHDs:

Nanotized herbal drugs

ONE:

4-oxononenal

PDX-1:

Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor-1

PKC:

Protein kinase C

PPARGC1A:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor–γ coactivator-1α

RCS:

Reactive chlorine species

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, A.P.C. Roy Govt. College, Siliguri, West Bengal, India

    Rakhi Chakraborty

  2. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda, West Bengal, India

    Rakhi Chakraborty & Vivekananda Mandal

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  1. Rakhi Chakraborty
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  2. Vivekananda Mandal
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Correspondence to Vivekananda Mandal .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Subhash C. Mandal

  2. NEF College of Pharmacy, Guwahati, Assam, India

    Raja Chakraborty

  3. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam, India

    Saikat Sen

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Chakraborty, R., Mandal, V. (2021). Role of Phytomedicine in Alleviating Oxidative Stress-Mediated Vascular Complications in Diabetes. In: Mandal, S.C., Chakraborty, R., Sen, S. (eds) Evidence Based Validation of Traditional Medicines. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8127-4_7

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