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Importance of Chromatography Techniques in Phytomedicine Research

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Evidence Based Validation of Traditional Medicines

Abstract

Chromatography is a technique including thin-layer chromatography, column chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas-liquid chromatography. These isolation techniques play a significant role in authentification, identification, isolation, and enrichment of phyto-molecules belonging to specific aromatic and medicinal plants. In thin-layer chromatography, the standard compound is used for authentification of the plant material after small-scale extraction. The large-scale extraction method was then carried accordingly with suitable solvent. Thin-layer chromatography also gives the basic idea for isolation because it requires proper combination of solvents for optimum Rf value. Column chromatography is the most basic technique for isolation of phyto-molecules. During isolation process both thin-layer chromatography and column chromatography are used simultaneously for identification of a compound in various fractions at different combinations of solvent used for isolation. For increasing the polarity of a particular solvent combination, thin-layer chromatography gives the basic information. The quantitative assessment of phyto-constituents is through high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for nonvolatile components, whereas gas-liquid chromatography is used for volatile components in general context. High-performance thin-layer liquid chromatography is effective in quantification of biomarkers in extracts and fractions. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) are coupled with mass spectrophotometer (MS) to give a unique combination of LC-MS and GC-MS respectively, which are used for quantification of biomarkers along with their molecular weight. Recently, the work is carried out on enrichment of phyto-molecules using chromatographic techniques. In this chapter, we have focused on the recent advances in using chromatographic techniques at different levels of phytochemical investigation.

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Abbreviations

APCI:

Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization

CI:

Chemical ionization

EI:

Electron impact

ESI:

Electrospray ionization

GC:

Gas chromatography

GC-MS:

Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy

GLC:

Gas-liquid chromatography

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

HPTLC:

High-performance thin-layer chromatography

LC-MS:

Liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy

MALDI:

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization

PC:

Paper chromatography

TLC:

Thin-layer chromatography

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mahakal Institute of Pharmaceutical Studies, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Aditi Gujrati & Vikas Jain

  2. Sagar Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Sourabh Jain

  3. Center for Basic Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India

    Veenu Joshi

  4. Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India

    Shiv Shankar Shukla

  5. University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India

    Amber Vyas

Authors
  1. Aditi Gujrati
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  2. Sourabh Jain
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  3. Veenu Joshi
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  4. Shiv Shankar Shukla
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  5. Amber Vyas
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  6. Vikas Jain
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vikas Jain .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Subhash C. Mandal

  2. NEF College of Pharmacy, Guwahati, Assam, India

    Raja Chakraborty

  3. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam, India

    Saikat Sen

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Gujrati, A., Jain, S., Joshi, V., Shukla, S.S., Vyas, A., Jain, V. (2021). Importance of Chromatography Techniques in Phytomedicine Research. In: Mandal, S.C., Chakraborty, R., Sen, S. (eds) Evidence Based Validation of Traditional Medicines. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8127-4_14

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