Abstract
Coloniality of knowledge is a global phenomenon; yet each (post)colonial society experienced colonialism differently and developed their local knowledge structures in ways which harmonized trans-national coloniality with indigenous cultures. Hence any effort to decolonize International Relations within a (post)colonial space has to be a targeted agenda which must unveil the concrete practices and processes which contribute to the marginalization of local knowledges and the reproduction of colonial patterns of racial domination. This chapter uses ideas borrowed from Liberation Psychology to expose the coloniality embedded in Pakistani International Relations. It draws its inspiration from the idea of Conscientization in order to denaturalize Pakistani International Relations. The chapter first explores various themes of coloniality within Liberation Psychology before it moves on to provide a detailed understanding of how coloniality is sustained in International Relations through global knowledge production processes, and lastly it demystifies the processes through which coloniality is mitigated, negotiated, and standardized within Pakistani International Relations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- HEC:
-
Higher Education Commission
- IR:
-
International Relations
- SCI:
-
Scientific Citation Index
- SSCI:
-
Social Science Citation Index
Bibliography
Acharya, A., & Buzan, B. (2007). Why is there no non-Western international relations theory? An introduction. International Relations of Asia-Pacific, 7(3), 287–312.
Alatas, S. F. (1993). On the indigenization of academic discourse. Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, 18(3), 307–338.
Alatas, S. H. (2000). Intellectual imperialism: Definition, traits, and problems. Asian Journal of Social Science, 28(1), 23–45.
Alatas, S. F. (2003). Academic dependency and the global division of labour in the social sciences. Current Sociology, 51(6), 599–613.
Alejandro, A. (2019). Western dominance in international relations?: The internationalisation of IR in Brazil and India. Routledge.
Aydinli, E., & Mathews, J. (2000). Are the core and periphery irreconcilable? The curious world of publishing in contemporary international relations. International Studies Perspectives, 1(3), 289–303. https://doi.org/10.1111/1528-3577.00028
Behera, N. (Ed.). (2008). International relations in South Asia: search for an alternative Paradigm. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=AUiLRPsJa-4C&pgis=1
Behera, N. (2009). South Asia: A “realist” past and alternative futures. In A. Tickner & O. Wæver (Eds.), International relations scholarship around the world. Routledge.
Beigel, F. (2014). Publishing from the periphery: Structural heterogeneity and segmented circuits. The evaluation of scientific publications for tenure in Argentina’s CONICET. Current Sociology, 62(5), 743–765.
Cairo, D. K., & Cabal, V. (2021). The corporatization of student affairs: Serving students in neoliberal times. Routledge.
Canagarajah, S. A. (2002). A geopolitics of academic writing. University of Pittsburgh Press.
Capan, Z. G. (2016). Decolonising international relations? Third World Quarterly, 38(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2016.1245100
Connell, R. (2018). Meeting at the edge of fear: Theory on a world scale. In R. Bernd (Ed.), Constructing the pluriverse (pp. 19–38). Duke University Press.
Fanon, F. (1967). Black skin, white masks. Grove Press.
Feyyaz, M. (2016). The discourse and study of terrorism in decolonised states: The case of Pakistan. Critical Studies on Terrorism, 9(3), 455–477. https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2016.1192261
Friere, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. Herder and Herder Publishers.
Gaborit, M. (2007). Recordar Para vivir: El papel de la memoria histórica en la reparación del tejido social [Remember to live: The role of historical memory in the repair of the social fabric]. ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos, 740, 203–218.
Grosfoguel, R. (2002). Colonial difference, geopolitics of knowledge, and global coloniality in the modern/colonial capitalist world-system. Utopian Thinking, 25(3), 203–224.
Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. (2017). Notification of 6th Tenure Track Review Committee Minutes. Retrieved from https://www.hec.gov.pk/tts/documents
Hoffmann, S. (1977). An American social science: International relations. Daedalus, 106(3), 41–60.
Inayatullah, S. (1998). Imagining an alternative politics of knowledge: Subverting the hegemony of international relations theory in Pakistan. Contemporary South Asia, 7(1), 27–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/09584939808719828
Jackson, P. A. (2017). The neoliberal university and global immobilities of theory. In K. Mielke & A.-K. Hornidge (Eds.), Area studies at the crossroads: Knowledge production after the mobility turn (pp. 27–44). https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59834-9_1
Jackson, R., Smyth, M. B., & Gunning, J. (Eds.). (2009). Critical terrorism studies: A new research agenda. Retrieved from https://www.routledge.com/Critical-Terrorism-Studies-A-New-Research-Agenda/Jackson-Smyth-Gunning/p/book/9780415574150
Jeater, D. (2018). Academic standards or academic imperialism? Zimbabwean perceptions of hegemonic power in the global construction of knowledge. African Studies Review, 61(2), 8–27.
Jones, B. G. (Ed.). (2006). Decolonizing international relations. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Maliniak, D., Oakes, A., Peterson, S., & Tierney, M. J. (2011). International relations in the US academy. International Studies Quarterly, 55, 437–464. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2011.00653.x
Martín-Baró, I. (1986). Hacia una psicología de la liberación [Toward a psychology of liberation]. Boletin de Psicologia (El Salvador), 5(22), 219–231.
Martín-Baró, I. (1994). Writings for a liberation psychology (A. Aron & S. Corne, Eds.). Harvard University Press.
Mignolo, W. D. (2002). The gopolitics of knowledge and the colonial difference. South Atlantic Quarterly, 101(1), 57–96.
Mignolo, W. D. (2010). Epistemic disobedience, independent thought and decolonial freedom. Theory, Culture and Society, 26(8), 159–181. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276409349275
Montero, M. (2007). The political psychology of liberation: From politics to ethics and back. Political Psychology, 28(5), 517–533. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-9221.2007.00588.X
Montero, M. (2011). Conscientization. The encyclopedia of peace psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470672532.WBEPP060.
Ndlovu-Gatsheni, S. J. (2020). The cognitive empire, politics of knowledge and African intellectual productions: Reflections on struggles for epistemic freedom and resurgence of decolonisation in the twenty-first century. Third World Quarterly, 42(5), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2020.1775487
Pennycook, A. (1994). The cultural politics of English as an international language. Routledge.
Phillipson, R. (2009). Linguistic imperialism continued. Routledge.
Picq, M. L. (2013). Critics at the edge? Decolonizing methodologies in international relations. International Political Science Review, 34(4), 444–455. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512113493224
Quijano, A. (2007). Coloniality and modernity/rationality. Cultural Studies, 21(2–3), 168–178. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380601164353
Quijano, A. (2016). Coloniality of power and eurocentrism in Latin America. International Sociology, 15(2), 215–232. https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580900015002005
Sharma, A. (2021). Decolonizing international relations: Confronting erasures through indigenous knowledge systems. International Studies, 58(1), 25–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020881720981209
Shilliam, R. (2021). Decolonizing politics: An introduction. Retrieved from https://www.wiley.com/en-pk/Decolonizing+Politics%3A+An+Introduction-p-9781509539406
Shin, K.-Y. (2007). Globalization and the National social science in the discourse on the SSCI in South Korea. Korean Social Science Journal, 34(1), 93–116.
Smyth, M. B. (2009). Subjectivities, ‘suspect communities’, governments, and the ethics of research on ‘terrorism. In R. Jackson, M. B. Smyth, & J. Gunning (Eds.), Critical terrorism studies: A new research agenda (pp. 194–216). Routedge.
Tickner, A. B., & Wæver, O. (2009). International relations scholarship around the world. Routledge.
Torres Rivera, E. (2020). Concepts of liberation psychology. In L. Comas-Díaz & E. Torres Rivera (Eds.), Liberation psychology: Theory, method, practice, and social justice (pp. 41–51). American Psychological Association.
Tucker, K. (2018). Unraveling coloniality in international relations: Knowledge, relationality, and strategies for engagement. International Political Sociology, 12(3), 215–232. https://doi.org/10.1093/IPS/OLY005
Waheed, A. (2017). State sovereignty and international relations in Pakistan: Analysing the realism stranglehold. South Asia Research, 37(3), 277–295. https://doi.org/10.1177/0262728017725624
Waheed, A. (2019). Constructing “Pakistan” through knowledge production in international relations and area studies. Palgrave Macmillan.
Zaman, M. H. (2018). Tenure or not? The Express Tribune. Retrieved from https://tribune.com.pk/story/1845910/tenure-or-not
Zeiny, E. (2019). Academic imperialism: Towards decolonisation of English literature in Iranian Universities. Asian Journal of Social Science, 47(1), 88–109. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04701005
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Waheed, A.W. (2023). Decolonizing Pakistani International Relations. In: Sajjad, F.W. (eds) Peace as Liberation. Peace Psychology Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41965-2_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41965-2_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-41964-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-41965-2
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)