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NADPH Oxidases in Fungi

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NADPH Oxidases Revisited: From Function to Structure

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Abstract

Synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by specific NADPH oxidases (Nox) can serve both defense and differentiation signalling roles in animals and plants. Fungi have three subfamilies of NADPH oxidase, NoxA, NoxB and NoxC. NoxA and NoxB have a structure very similar to the human gp91phox whereas NoxC has a Ca2+ binding motif similar to that found in the human Nox5 and plant Rboh families of NADPH oxidases. Specific isoforms of Nox have been shown by genetic analysis to be required for various fungal physiological processes and cellular differentiations, including development of sexual fruiting bodies, ascospore germination, hyphal defense, hyphal growth in both mutualistic and antagonistic plant-fungal interactions.

A survey of 65 fungal genomes identified up to four Nox genes in some fungal species, reflecting the diverse morphologies and life cycles of fungal species. The presence of nox genes in fungi from the Chytridiomycota to Ascomycota suggests that Nox is an ancestral enzyme for fungi. This chapter provides an overview of our current knowledge of fungal NADPH oxidases, including Nox distribution in the fungal kingdom, Nox structure and regulation, and known biological functions of this important group of enzymes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan

    Daigo Takemoto

  2. School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

    Barry Scott

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  1. Daigo Takemoto
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  2. Barry Scott
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Correspondence to Barry Scott .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Edgar Pick

Glossary

Ascogonium (plural ascogonia)

Female sexual organ in ascomycetous fungus from which asci develop.

Ascospore

A sexual spore that develops within an ascus in ascomycetous fungi.

Ascus (plural asci)

A sac like structure from which sexual spores (ascospores) develop.

Cleistothecium (plural cleistothecia)

A globose, closed fruiting body (ascocarp) from which ascospores develop and are released.

Conidiation

A biological process in which filamentous fungi reproduce asexually from spores.

Peridium

Cell wall of ascomata comprised of densely woven hyphae.

Perithecium

A round or flask shaped fruiting body with a pore through which ascospores are discharged.

Sclerotium

A persistent, vegetative, resting stage of certain fungi.

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Takemoto, D., Scott, B. (2023). NADPH Oxidases in Fungi. In: Pick, E. (eds) NADPH Oxidases Revisited: From Function to Structure. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23752-2_25

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