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Discovery and Functional Analysis of the Single-Celled Yeast NADPH Oxidase, Yno1

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NADPH Oxidases Revisited: From Function to Structure

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Abstract

In this chapter, we describe the discovery of the NADPH oxidase gene and protein of the single-celled yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yno1. This enzyme was characterized with respect to mechanism of action, subcellular location, regulation of gene expression, and physiological function. Yno1 is not involved in defense and is not highly expressed in vegetatively growing cells. However, it is expressed in diverse stress situations. The signaling substance produced by Yno1 in conjunction with the superoxide dismutase Sod1, hydrogen peroxide, consequently leads through a change in the expression of target genes to the modulation of an adaptive cellular response. An example is the formation of pseudohyphae enabling invasive growth of the yeast cells, which is believed to aid in the utilization of new nutrients. The major role of Yno1 is in the switch of the mode of growth from vegetative budding to the formation of pseudohyphae, which are elongated chains of cells. Further examples that are described in this chapter are the response to osmotic stress and mating. All these pathways have in common that they exit the regular cell cycle and are associated with in parts enormous changes in cell morphology. This is accomplished involving a change in the structure of the actin cytoskeleton. Yno1 was shown to directly modulate the actin cytoskeleton.

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Abbreviations

AMPK:

AMP-dependent kinase

BLAST:

Basic Local Alignment Search Tool

DEPMPO:

5-(Diethoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide

DHE:

Dihydroethidium

DPI :

Diphenyleneiodonium chloride

ERAD:

Endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation

ESR:

Electron spin resonance

GEF:

Guanine nucleotide exchange factor

IMR:

Integrative membrane reductase

MAPK:

Mitogen activated protein kinase

MAPKKK:

Mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase

NOX:

NADPH oxidase

NPF:

Nucleation promoting factor

PAK :

p21 activated kinase

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PKA:

Protein kinase A

PKA pathway:

RAS-cAMP-protein kinase A pathway

PPP:

Pentose phosphate pathway

RBD:

Ras binding domain

WASP :

Wiskott Aldrich syndrome protein

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Acknowledgements

The work presented here was supported by grant P26713 of the Austrian Science Fund FWF to M.B., P33511 of the FWF (to M.R.), GM098629 of the NIH, NIGMS to P.J.C. and 67985971 of the RVO and MEYS CR (8J20AT023) to J.H.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria

    Michael Breitenbach, Mark Rinnerthaler, Manuela Weber & Hannelore Breitenbach-Koller

  2. Laboratory of Cell Reproduction, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic

    Jiri Hasek

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York in Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA

    Paul J. Cullen

  4. School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK

    Campbell W. Gourlay

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  1. Michael Breitenbach
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  2. Mark Rinnerthaler
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  3. Jiri Hasek
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  4. Paul J. Cullen
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  5. Campbell W. Gourlay
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  6. Manuela Weber
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  7. Hannelore Breitenbach-Koller
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Correspondence to Michael Breitenbach .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Edgar Pick

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Breitenbach, M. et al. (2023). Discovery and Functional Analysis of the Single-Celled Yeast NADPH Oxidase, Yno1. In: Pick, E. (eds) NADPH Oxidases Revisited: From Function to Structure. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23752-2_24

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