Abstract
The energy of solar disturbances on the difficult path from the Sun to the Earth passes through the interplanetary medium and several invisible earthly shells—the magnetosphere, ionosphere and atmosphere. This explains one of the main features of the solar-terrestrial relation system (STR)—their “multi-storey” (mediation). In other words, in the chain of physical processes connecting the Sun with the Earth, there is a certain structure, sequence in time and space, i.e. there is a kind of hierarchy of STR. This inevitably leads to another important feature—the nonlinear nature of solar-magnetospheric, solar-atmospheric, and solar-biosphere relations. The simplest STR scheme is shown in Fig. 11.1.
Among the main effects in the chain of solar-terrestrial connections, in our opinion, it is necessary to highlight, first of all, the effect on the magnetosphere and ionosphere, solar-tropospheric connections and heliobiology (the Sun and the biosphere). Of particular interest is the influence of solar activity on the rotation of the Earth (the Sun and the lithosphere). The question of the possible impact of the resonant structure of the Solar System on solar activity and solar-planetary relations in general is of fundamental importance. Finally, the energy and information aspects of solar-terrestrial relations (theories and models of physical mechanisms) are of fundamental importance. From the content of the previous chapters, it is clear how multifaceted and rich in physical ideas the problem of solar-terrestrial relations and solar-terrestrial physics in general. Within the framework of a small textbook, it is impossible to present in any detail even the main results of research, observations and experiments. Therefore, below we will give only a few, the most striking examples of the revealed connections, focusing on their possible physical mechanisms.
An imperturbable system in everything
Complete harmony in nature,—Only in our ghostly freedom
We recognize the discord with her”.
F.I. Tyutchev
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Miroshnichenko, L. (2023). Hierarchy of Solar-Earth Relations. In: Solar-Terrestrial Relations. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22548-2_11
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