Abstract
Research on melatonin’s antioxidant and sleep-chronobiotic properties has increased exponentially over the past 15 years. Resolving the evolutionary progression along which melatonin gained chronobiotic properties—in addition to its primordial antioxidant functions—is essential for understanding the divergent mechanisms by which the hormone assumed control over organismal timekeeping and its implementation as a molecular protectant across different species. Drosophila are an ideal model to discriminate where the divergence likely occurred in the evolutionary tree (and its functional implications), but there is a current dearth of knowledge regarding the fly melatonin system. In the present chapter, we discuss melatonin’s roles in sleep and circadian rhythms and then detail the indolamine’s multilayered antioxidant network. The physiological relevance of melatonin’s antioxidant effects is explored in several disease contexts, including stroke, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative disorder. We conclude the chapter with a few exemplars of how a better understanding of melatonin’s properties in Drosophila might yield actionable insights on how melatonin regimens can be strategically combined with sleep/circadian interventions to improve treatment outcomes in those with neurodegenerative conditions.
The authors Hannah K. Dollish and Kathryn E. R. Kennedy made equal contributions to the work.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by a Challenge Grant from the University of Arizona Office of Research and Discovery (HKD, MAG, FXF). FXF also acknowledges funding from the Velux Stiftung (Proj. No. 1360).
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Dollish, H.K., Kennedy, K.E.R., Grandner, M.A., Fernandez, FX. (2023). Melatonin, Circadian Rhythms, and Sleep: An Opportunity to Understand Mechanisms for Protecting Against Neurodegenerative Disease in Drosophila. In: Jagota, A. (eds) Sleep and Clocks in Aging and Longevity. Healthy Ageing and Longevity, vol 18. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22468-3_25
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