Abstract
The engagement of TNF on TNFR can result in cell survival or cell death depending on the different complex formation downstream this interaction. Here we describe reagents and assay procedures that can be used to study caspase-independent cell death (necroptosis) in cultured cells, in response to pharmacological interventions with NF-kappaB and death inhibitors. We provide protocol to detect death-specific proteins using immunoblot and to dissect necrosome complex by sequential co-immunoprecipitation of death-specific components during necroptosis.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Brenner D, Blaser H, Mak TW (2015) Regulation of tumour necrosis factor signalling: live or let die. Nat Rev Immunol 15(6):362–374. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3834
Kanayama A, Seth RB, Sun L, Ea CK, Hong M, Shaito A, Chiu YH, Deng L, Chen ZJ (2004) TAB2 and TAB3 activate the NF-kappaB pathway through binding to poly- ubiquitin chains. Mol Cell 15(4):535–548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2004.08.008
Ea CK, Deng L, Xia ZP, Pineda G, Chen ZJ (2006) Activation of IKK by TNFalpha requires site-specific ubiquitination of RIP1 and polyu- biquitin binding by NEMO. Mol Cell 22(2):245–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2006.03.026
Micheau O, Tschopp J (2003) Induction of TNF receptor I-mediated apoptosis via two sequential signaling complexes. Cell 114(2):181–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00521-X
Micheau O, Lens S, Gaide O, Alevizopoulos K, Tschopp J (2001) NF-kappaB signals induce the expression of c-FLIP. Mol Cell Biol 21(6):5299–5305. https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.21.16.5299-5305.2001
Kreuz S, Siegmund D, Scheurich P, Wajant H (2001) NF-kappaB inducers upregulate cFLIP, a cycloheximide-sensitive inhibitor of death receptor signaling. Mol Cell Biol 21(12):3964–3973. https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.21.12.3964-3973.2001
Dondelinger Y, Jouan-Lanhouet S, Divert T, Theatre E, Bertin J, Gough PJ, Giansanti P, Heck AJ, Dejardin E, Vandenabeele P, Bertrand MJ (2015) NF-kappaB-independent role of IKKalpha/IKKbeta in preventing RIPK1 kinase-dependent apoptotic and necroptotic cell death during TNF signaling. Mol Cell 60(1):63–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2015.07.032
Annibaldi A, Meier P (2018) Checkpoints in TNF-Induced Cell Death: Implications in Inflammation and Cancer. Trends Mol Med 24(1):49–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2017.11.002
Legarda-Addison D, Hase H, O’Donnell MA, Ting AT (2009) NEMO/IKKgamma regulates an early NF-kappaB-independent cell-death checkpoint during TNF signaling. Cell Death Differ 16(9):1279–1288. https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2009.41
Pescatore A, Esposito E, Draber P, Walczak H, Ursini MV (2016) NEMO regulates a cell death switch in TNF signaling by inhibiting recruitment of RIPK3 to the cell death-inducing complex II. Cell Death Dis 7(8):e2346. https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2016.245
Lin Y, Devin A, Rodriguez Y, Liu ZG (1999) Cleavage of the death domain kinase RIP by caspase-8 prompts TNF-induced apoptosis. Genes Dev 13(19):2514–2526. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.13.19.2514
Feng S, Yang Y, Mei Y, Ma L, Zhu DE, Hoti N, Castanares M, Wu M (2007) Cleavage of RIP3 inactivates its caspase-independent apoptosis pathway by removal of kinase domain. Cell Signal 19(10):2056–2067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.05.016
Zhang DW, Shao J, Lin J, Zhang N, Lu BJ, Lin SC et al (2009) RIP3, an energy metabolism regulator that switches TNF-induced cell death from apoptosis to necrosis. Science 325(5938):332–336. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1172308
He S, Wang L, Miao L, Wang T, Du F, Zhao L et al (2009) Receptor interacting protein kinase-3 determines cellular necrotic response to TNF-alpha. Cell 137(6):1100–1111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.021
Sun L, Wang H, Wang Z, He S, Chen S, Liao D, Wang L, Yan J, Liu W, Lei X, Wang X (2012) Mixed lineage kinase domain-like pro- tein mediates necrosis signaling downstream of RIP3 kinase. Cell 148(1–2):213–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.11.031
Murphy JM, Czabotar PE, Hildebrand JM, Lucet IS, Zhang JG, Alvarez-Diaz S, Lewis R, Lalaoui N, Metcalf D, Webb AI, Young SN, Varghese LN, Tannahill GM, Hatchell EC, Majewski IJ, Okamoto T, Dobson RC, Hilton DJ, Babon JJ, Nicola NA, Strasser A, Silke J, Alexander WS (2013) The pseudokinase MLKL mediates necroptosis via a molecular switch mechanism. Immunity 39(3):443–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2013.06.018
Dillon CP, Weinlich R, Rodriguez DA, Cripps JG, Quarato G, Gurung P, Verbist KC, Brewer TL, Llambi F, Gong YN, Janke LJ, Kelliher MA, Kanneganti TD, Green DR (2014) RIPK1 blocks early postnatal lethality mediated by caspase-8 and RIPK3. Cell 157(5):1189–1202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.04.018
Mandal P, Berger SB, Pillay S, Moriwaki K, Huang C, Guo H, Lich JD, Finger J, Kasparcova V, Votta B, Ouellette M, King BW, Wisnoski D, Lakdawala AS, DeMartino MP, Casillas LN, Haile PA, Sehon CA, Marquis RW, Upton J, Daley-Bauer LP, Roback L, Ramia N, Dovey CM, Carette JE, Chan FK, Bertin J, Gough PJ, Mocarski ES, Kaiser WJ (2014) RIP3 induces apoptosis independent of pronecrotic kinase activity. Mol Cell 56(4):481–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2014.10.021
Rodriguez DA, Weinlich R, Brown S, Guy C, Fitzgerald P, Dillon CP, Oberst A, Quarato G, Low J, Cripps JG, Chen T, Green DR (2016) Characterization of RIPK3-mediated phosphorylation of the activation loop of MLKL during necroptosis. Cell Death Differ 23(1):76–88. https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2015.70
Acknowledgments
We thank Dr. G. Courtois for MEF cells. The work was supported by the MIUR PRIN 2017WLKYAM_3 to A.P. and by France Incontinentia Pigmenti Foundation to M.V.U.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Pescatore, A., Casale, C., Fusco, F., Ursini, M.V. (2021). Methods to Study the Effect of IKK Inhibition on TNF-Inducing Apoptosis and Necroptosis in Cultured Cells. In: Franzoso, G., Zazzeroni, F. (eds) NF-κB Transcription Factors. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2366. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1669-7_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1669-7_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-1668-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-1669-7
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols