Extended Data Fig. 1: CSF biomarkers by diagnosis.

Levels of each CSF biomarkers by clinical diagnosis and amyloid status in the BioFINDER-2 cohort (n = 448). Amyloid-positive participants were selected based on CSF Aβ42/40 (CSF Aβ42/40 < 0.08). Larger pink dots represent two MAPT R406W mutation carriers (one CU- and the other in FTD groups), both amyloid-negative but with substantial tau-PET binding. In boxplots, central band represents the median of the group, the lower and upper hinges correspond to the first and third quartiles, and the whiskers represent the maximum/minimum value or the 1.5 IQR from the hinge, whatever is lower). Differences in CSF biomarker levels by diagnostic groups were tested using ANCOVA adjusted for age and sex. Post hoc analyses were performed two-sided using the Tuckey test. Actual p values are reported in Supplementary Table 1 for space reasons. p < 0.050; **, p < 0.010; ***, p < 0.001. Abbreviations: AD + , Alzheimer’s disease dementia amyloid positive; CBS, corticobasal syndrome; CU-, cognitively unimpaired amyloid negative; CU + , cognitively unimpaired amyloid positive; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; MCI + , mild cognitive impairment amyloid positive; MTBR, microtubule-binding region; PD, Parkinson’s disease; PDD, Parkinson’s disease dementia; PPA, primary progressive aphasia; PSP, progressive supranuclear palsy.