Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Arid/semi-arid flora as a treasure trove of bioactives and bioenergy: the case for underutilized desert legumes towards environmental sustainability

  • Cleaner Production and Sustainable Processes for Environmental Remediation
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

As the spectre of climate change gains in strength with each passing moment, many of our mundane food crops like rice face the heat, leading to uncertain yields and unforeseen disease outbreaks. Subsequently, mankind is forced to look for alternative food choices that should primarily come from indigenous plants that are less demanding in terms of usage of water and application of chemical-based fertilizers/pesticides. There are plants growing in the wild in the arid and semi-arid zones of Rajasthan, India, that can come to the rescue, with an added potential for development into valuable functional foods—i.e., not only as source of carbohydrates, proteins, and micro-nutrients but also that of health benefiting nutraceuticals (like antioxidant flavonoids) and relevant enzymes. The other parts (non-edible) of these plants have often also been traditionally validated via diverse ethnomedicinal practices; these could also be useful bioenergy sources. Keeping in mind the broader aim of looking at future functional foods that are also required to be environmentally sustainable, the current report: (a) reviews the extant literature on underutilized legumes from arid/semi-arid zones, (b) discusses current status with respect to biological activities present therein, and (c) suggests pertinent research questions and solution paths in the domains of bioactives, bioenergy, and sustainable environment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Not applicable.

References

  • Afifi H, Abu Al-rub I (2019) Prosopis cineraria as an unconventional legumes, nutrition and health benefits. In: Jimenez-Lopez JC, Clemente A (eds) Legume Seed Nutraceutical Research. IntechOpen, Rijeka, pp 69–86. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79291

  • Agrawal T (2018) Ethnobotany of the Acacia senegal. World J Pharm Res 7:384–388

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akram M, Nimesh S, Chishti MA et al (2021) Pongamia pinnata: an updated review on its phytochemistry & pharmacological uses. Pharm Pharmacol Int J 9:194–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Assaf S, Phillips GO, Aoki H, Sasaki Y (2007) Characterization and properties of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. var. senegal with enhanced properties (Acacia (sen) SUPER GUM™): part 1—controlled maturation of Acacia senegal var. senegal to increase viscoelasticity, produce a hydrogel form and convert a p. Food Hydrocoll 21:319–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aloqbi AA (2020) Gum Arabic as a natural product with antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Arch Pharm Pract 11:107–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Amran NA, Bello U, Ruslan MSH (2022) The role of antioxidants in improving biodiesel’s oxidative stability, poor cold flow properties, and the effects of the duo on engine performance: a review. Heliyon 8:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09846

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arora RK (2014) Diversity in underutilized plant species: an Asia-Pacific perspective. Bioversity international p 203

  • Asati V, Sharma PK (2019) Purification and characterization of an isoflavones conjugate hydrolyzing β-glucosidase (ICHG) from Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar). Biochem Biophys Reports 20:100669

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asati V, Deepa PR, Sharma PK (2021) Silent metabolism and not-so-silent biological activity: possible molecular mechanisms of stress response in edible desert legumes. J Plant Biochem Biotechnol 30:640–645. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-021-00728-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asati V, Deepa PR, Sharma PK (2022) Desert legume Prosopis cineraria as a novel source of antioxidant flavonoids / isoflavonoids: biochemical characterization of edible pods for potential functional food development. Biochem Biophys Reports 29:101210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101210

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ayilara MS, Abberton M, Oyatomi OA et al (2022) Potentials of underutilized legumes in food security. Front Soil Sci 2:1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.1020193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Badr SEA, Abdelfattah MS, El-Sayed SH et al (2014) Evaluation of anticancer, antimycoplasmal activities and chemical composition of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) seeds extract. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci 5:413–423

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baldermann S, Blagojević L, Frede K et al (2016) Are neglected plants the food for the future? CRC Crit Rev Plant Sci 35:106–119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bandara WARTW, Ranasinghe O, Perera P et al (2022) Potential to use invasive plants in biomass energy production: a case study Prosopis juliflora in coastal wetlands of Sri Lanka. Trees, for People 10:100330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2022.100330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BeMiller JN (2009) One hundred years of commercial food carbohydrates in the United States. J Agric Food Chem 57:8125–8129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bharath Kumar S, Prabhasankar P (2016) Glycemic index of rajma bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) incorporated noodles: a volunteers study. Glob J Dig Dis 1:1891–2472

    Google Scholar 

  • Binyane ME, Mfengwana P-M-AH (2022) Traditional medicinal plants as the potential adjuvant, prophylactic and treatment therapy for COVID-19 disease: a review. In: Kumar S (ed) Medicinal Plants. IntechOpen, Rijeka, pp 1–21. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104491

  • Biswas B, Scott PT, Gresshoff PM (2011) Tree legumes as feedstock for sustainable biofuel production: opportunities and challenges. J Plant Physiol 168:1877–1884

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bramel PJ, Upadhyaya HD (2018) Conserving and characterizing the genetic diversity of grain legumes International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), India. In: Achieving sustainable cultivation of grain legumes, vol 1. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, pp 49–76

  • Calica PN (2017) Nodulation and nitrogen fixation of Pongamia pinnata. J Trop Crop Sci 4:1–12. https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.4.1.1-12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Calín-Sánchez Á, Lipan L, Cano-Lamadrid M et al (2020) Comparison of traditional and novel drying techniques and its effect on quality of fruits, vegetables and aromatic herbs. Foods 9:1261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CAZRI (2014) http://www.cazri.res.in/publications/Guar_RajSingh. Accessed 29 June 2023

  • CAZRI (2021) http://www.cazri.res.in/publications/technologies/T6E. Accessed 26 June 2023

  • CAZRI (2022) http://www.cazri.res.in/institutional-funded.php. Accessed 1 July 2023

  • Charan J, Riyad P, Ram H et al (2022) Ameliorations in dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic plaque by the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and antioxidant potential of phytoconstituents of an aqueous seed extract of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd in rabbits. PLoS ONE 17:e0264646

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chibarabada TP, Modi AT, Mabhaudhi T (2017) Expounding the value of grain legumes in the semi-and arid tropics. Sustainability 9:60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chlachula J (2021) Between sand dunes and Hamadas: environmental sustainability of the Thar Desert, West India. Sustainability 13:1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073602

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chung MG, Li Y, Liu J (2021) Global red and processed meat trade and non-communicable diseases. BMJ Glob Health 6:e006394

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El-Garawani I, El-Nabi SH, El Kattan A et al (2021) (2021) The ameliorative role of acacia senegal gum against the oxidative stress and genotoxicity induced by the radiographic contrast medium (Ioxitalamate) in albino rats. Antioxidants 10:1–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eriksen JN, Luu AY, Dragsted LO, Arrigoni E (2016) In vitro liberation of carotenoids from spinach and Asia salads after different domestic kitchen procedures. Food Chem 203:23–27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farooq M, Siddique KHM (2023) Neglected and underutilized crops: future smart food. Elsevier pp 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2020-0-03622-4

  • Foley JA, Ramankutty N, Brauman KA et al (2011) Solutions for a cultivated planet. Nature 478:337–342

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gajanana TM, Gowda IND, Reddy BMC (2010) Exploring market potential and developing linkages–a case of underutilized fruit products in India. Agric Econ Res Rev 23:437–444

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill K, Sandhu S, Mor M et al (2020) Role of green manuring in sustainable agriculture: a review. Eur J Mol Clin Med 7:2361–2366

    Google Scholar 

  • Giustra M, Cerri F, Anadol Y et al (2022) Eco-luxury: Making sustainable drugs and cosmetics with Prosopis cineraria natural extracts. Front Sustain 3:1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsus.2022.1047218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graham P, Vance C (2003) Legumes: Importance and constraints to greater use. Plant Physiol 131:872–877. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.017004

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta N, Trilokia M, Sood M et al (2018) Utilization of under-utilized fruits through value addition in Kandi Areas of Jammu region. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 7:1965–1977

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haile M, Hishe H, Gebremedhin D (2018) Prosopis juliflora pods mash for biofuel energy production: implication for managing invasive species through utilization. Int J Renew Energy Dev 7:205–212. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.3.205-212

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hasnah T, Leksono B, Sumedi N et al (2020) Pongamia as a potential biofuel crop: oil content of Pongamia pinnata from the best provenance in Java, Indonesia. In: Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Energy, Environment and Climate Change, ICUE 2020, pp 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUE49301.2020.9307094

  • Hossain MM, Rahim MA, Haque MR (2021) Biochemical properties of some important underutilized minor fruits. J Agric Food Res 5:100148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2021.100148

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ICMR-NIN (2011) https://www.nin.res.in/downloads/DietaryGuidelinesforNINwebsite. Accessed 30 June 2023

  • ICRISAT (2021) https://www.icrisat.org/icrisat-awarded-2021-africa-food-prize. Accessed 1 July 2023

  • ICRISAT (2022) https://www.icrisat.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Annual_Report_2022. Accessed 26 June 2023

  • Ikhajiagbe B, Ogwu MC, Ogochukwu OF et al (2022) The place of neglected and underutilized legumes in human nutrition and protein security in Nigeria. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 62:3930–3938

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen ES, Peoples MB, Boddey RM et al (2012) Legumes for mitigation of climate change and the provision of feedstock for biofuels and biorefineries. A Review. Agron Sustain Dev 32:329–364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joshi T, Mandal SK, Puri S et al (2023a) Investigating the antioxidant activity enhancer effect of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba seed extract on phenolic phytochemicals. Front Plant Sci 14:807

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joshi T, Sehgal H, Mandal SK et al (2023b) Nutraceutical and flavor profiles in underutilized desert legumes of India: gene editing strategies towards sustainable food development. J Plant Biochem Biotechnol pp 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-023-00836-2

  • Kaushik S, Kaushik S, Kumar R et al (2020) In-vitro and in silico activity of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (Gaur) L. supercritical extract against the dengue-2 virus. Virusdisease 31:470–478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-020-00624-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kays SE, Morris JB, Kim Y (2006) Total and soluble dietary fiber variation in cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. (Guar) genotypes. J Food Qual 29:383–391

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kazakoff S, Gresshoff P, Scott P (2011) Pongamia pinnata, a sustainable feedstock for biodiesel production. Issues Environ Sci Technol. https://doi.org/10.1039/9781849732048-00233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kohli RK, Batish DR, Singh JS et al (2012) Plant invasion in India: an overview. Invasive alien plants An Ecol Apprais Indian Subcont. Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International: Wallingford. UK, Chapter 1:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845939076.0001

  • Kour S, Bakshi P, Sharma A et al (2018) Strategies on conservation, improvement and utilization of underutilized fruit crops. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 7:638–650

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leksono B, Rahman SA, Larjavaara M et al (2021) Pongamia: a possible option for degraded land restoration and bioenergy production in Indonesia. Forests 12:1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12111468

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Singh D, Nair MG (2012) Pods of khejri (Prosopis cineraria) consumed as a vegetable showed functional food properties. J Funct Foods 4:116–121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch J, Cain M, Frame D, Pierrehumbert R (2021) Agriculture’s contribution to climate change and role in mitigation is distinct from predominantly fossil CO2-emitting sectors. Front Sustain food Syst 4:1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.518039

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mala R (2009) Nutrient content of important fruit trees from arid zone of Rajasthan. J Hortic for 1:103–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Meena R (2019) Green manuring. An approach to improve soil fertility and crop production. Agric Res Technol Open Access J 20:1–4. https://doi.org/10.19080/ARTOAJ.2019.20.556126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mishra A, Buchanan RL, Schaffner DW, Pradhan AK (2016) Cost, quality, and safety: a nonlinear programming approach to optimize the temperature during supply chain of leafy greens. LWT 73:412–418

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitra S, Ghose A, Gujre N et al (2021) A review on environmental and socioeconomic perspectives of three promising biofuel plants Jatropha curcas, Pongamia pinnata and Mesua ferrea. Biomass Bioenerg 151:106173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mudgil D, Barak S, Khatkar BS (2014) Guar gum: processing, properties and food applications—a review. J Food Sci Technol 51:409–418

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nandal U, Bhardwaj RL (2014) The role of underutilized fruits in nutritional and economic security of tribals: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 54:880–890

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen PH, Scott S, Headey D et al (2021) The double burden of malnutrition in India: trends and inequalities (2006–2016). PLoS ONE 16:e0247856

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patidar P, Golani M, Hajela S, Hajela K (2020) Impact of oxidizing, reducing, and stabilizing agents on the inhibitory properties of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba trypsin inhibitor. J Appl Biol Biotechnol 8:68–71

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patil J, Kuppast IJ, Kumar K, Kishan KG (2016) Prosopis Juliflora. Res J Pharmacol Pharmacodyn 8:175–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pingali P, Aiyar A, Abraham M, Rahman A (2019) Transforming food systems for a rising India. Palgrave Studies in Agricultural Economics and Food Policy. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/9783030144098

  • Popkin BM, Corvalan C, Grummer-Strawn LM (2020) Dynamics of the double burden of malnutrition and the changing nutrition reality. Lancet 395:65–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Popoola J, Ojuederie O, Omonhinmin C, Adegbite A (2019) Neglected and underutilized legume crops: improvement and future prospects. In: Shah F, Khan Z, Iqbal A et al (eds) Recent advances in grain crops research. IntechOpen, Rijeka

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter JR, Xie L, Challinor AJ et al (2014) Food security and food production systems. Clim Chang 2014 Impacts, Adapt Vulnerability Part A Glob Sect Asp, pp 485–534. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415379.012

  • Raghavendra CK, Srinivasan K (2015) Potentiation of anti-cholelithogenic influence of dietary tender cluster beans (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) by garlic (Allium sativum) in experimental mice. Indian J Med Res 142:462

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rai MK, Shekhawat JK, Kataria V et al (2021) Genomic and biotechnological interventions in Prosopis cineraria: current status, challenges and opportunities. Trees 35:1109–1121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-020-02073-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rajasthan State Action Plan on Climate Change (2012) https://environment.rajasthan.gov.in/content/dam/environment/RPCB/Reports%20n%20Papers/ClimateChange_09_04_2012. Accessed 5 July 2023

  • Ram H, Jatwa R, Purohit A (2014) Antiatherosclerotic and cardioprotective potential of acacia senegal seeds in diet-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits. Biochem Res Int 2014:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/436848

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ram H, Jaipal N, Charan J et al (2020) Phytoconstituents of an ethanolic pod extract of Prosopis cineraria triggers the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and the regression of atherosclerotic plaque in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Lipids Health Dis 19:1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rawaliya RK, Patidar P, Sharma S, Hajela K (2022) Purification and biochemical characterization of protease from the seeds of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba. J Appl Biol Biotechnol 10:172–180

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sabaté J, Sranacharoenpong K, Harwatt H et al (2015) The environmental cost of protein food choices. Public Health Nutr 18:2067–2073

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sabaté J, Harwatt H, Soret S (2016) Environmental nutrition: a new frontier for public health. Am J Public Health 106:815–821. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sangwan S, Rao DV, Sharma RA (2010) A review on Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre: a great versatile leguminous plant. Nat Sci 8:130–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Saraswat P, Yadav P, Gaur RK et al (2020) Nutritional characteristics of biscuits prepared from flour of minor millets and pods of Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce. Annals of Agri Bio Research 25(2):284–289

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma P, Dubey G, Kaushik S (2011) Chemical and medico-biological profile of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L) Taub: an overview. J Appl Pharm Sci 1:32–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma A, Joshi N, Kumar RA et al (2017a) High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant properties from different cultivars of Cyamopsis tetragonaloba (L.) Taub. Microchem J 133:622–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2017.04.020

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma P, Kaur A, Aggarwal P (2017b) Physicochemical, thermal, rheological, and morphological properties of flour from different guar seed (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) cultivars. Int J Food Prop 20:1280–1289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shejawal N, Menon S, Shailajan S (2014) Bioavailability of karanjin from Pongamia pinnata L. in Sprague Dawley rats using validated RP-HPLC method. J Appl Pharm Sci 4:10–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh D, Choudhary MK, Dudi A et al (2023) Ensuring food and nutritional security in the arid climate of Rajasthan, India: culturally rich foods of the Thar Desert – the case of Panchkutta. Hum Ecol 51:347–356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-023-00403-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sustainable Development Goal 2 (n.d.) https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal2. Accessed 30 June 2023

  • Thies E (2000) Promising and underutilized species, crops and breeds. Dtsch Gesellschaft für Tech Zusammenarbeit GmbH, pp 1–28

  • Ukande M, Shaikh S, Murthy K, Shete R (2019) Review on pharmacological potentials of Prosopis juliflora. J Drug Deliv Ther 9:755–760. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4-s.3372

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uzunuigbe EO, Osunsanmi FO, Masamba P et al (2019) Phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of crude extracts from Acacia Senegal leaf extracts. Pharmacogn J 11:1409–1414. https://doi.org/10.5530/PJ.2019.11.218

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Varshney V (2018) Kumatiya, part of regular Rajasthani diet, has health and environmental benefits. https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/food/kumatiya-part-of-a-regular-rajasthani-diet-has-health-and-environmental-benefits-59858. Accessed 7 Sept 2022

  • Victora CG, Rivera JA (2014) Optimal child growth and the double burden of malnutrition: research and programmatic implications. Am J Clin Nutr 100:1611S-1612S

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volza (2023) https://www.volza.com/p/pongamia-oil/import. Accessed 5 July 2023

  • Wang ML, Morris JB (2007) Flavonoid content in seeds of guar germplasm using HPLC. Plant Genet Resour 5:96–99

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (2019) https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/ALL/year/2019/tradeflow/Exports/partner/WLD/product/130120. Accessed 5 July 2023

  • Zhong J, Lu P, Wu H et al (2022) Current insights into phytochemistry, nutritional, and pharmacological properties of Prosopis plants. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med 2022:2218029. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2218029

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Authors are grateful to the administration of Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani Campus, Pilani, (Rajasthan, India), for the infrastructural support and encouragement. Tripti Joshi is grateful to the University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India, for Senior Research Fellowship. Sumit Kumar Mandal is grateful to BITS, Pilani for providing Institute Fellowship.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India

    Tripti Joshi, Sumit Kumar Mandal, Vidushi Asati, Perinkulam Ravi Deepa & Pankaj Kumar Sharma

Authors
  1. Tripti Joshi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sumit Kumar Mandal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Vidushi Asati
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Perinkulam Ravi Deepa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Pankaj Kumar Sharma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Perinkulam Ravi Deepa and Pankaj Kumar Sharma contributed to the conception and design of this manuscript. Tripti Joshi, Sumit Kumar Mandal, and Vidushi Asati performed literature search. Materials (Figure and Table) were prepared by Tripti Joshi and Sumit Kumar Mandal. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Pankaj Kumar Sharma. The revised version of the manuscript was prepared by Tripti Joshi. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pankaj Kumar Sharma.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

All the authors have approved the manuscript and agreed with the submission.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Joshi, T., Mandal, S.K., Asati, V. et al. Arid/semi-arid flora as a treasure trove of bioactives and bioenergy: the case for underutilized desert legumes towards environmental sustainability. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 39025–39036 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29274-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29274-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation