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Deep genetic divergence underlies within-island eco-morphological variation in the endangered day gecko Phelsuma borbonica: implications for conservation

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Abstract

The day gecko Phelsuma borbonica displays marked differences in coloration and occupies a variety of habitats across its very small range on the volcanic oceanic island of Reunion in the southwestern Indian Ocean. Such differences might reflect geographic and ecological divergence and thus be associated with an underlying genetic differentiation. We examined the partitioning of genetic diversity in Phelsuma borbonica across Reunion at a very small spatial scale (< 10 km) using mtDNA and nuDNA sequences, along with microsatellite genotype data. This study provides an account of the evolutionary history of Phelsuma borbonica, along with a quantification of effective population sizes, which constitute important information for the conservation of this endangered species, which may represent a previously unrecognized case of incipient speciation. We found that populations of Phelsuma borbonica are genetically strongly differentiated, highlighting historically low levels of gene flow. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that Phelsuma borbonica reached its present range through two parallel southward expansions from an ancestral population located in the northern part of the island.

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Fig. 1

Photo credits: M. Sanchez and A. Bonanno

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Acknowledgements

We thank Allison Gandar, who helped with permit applications, the Nature Océan Indien NGO for support and its volunteers for field assistance, and Jean-Michel Probst for his help in starting up this project and sharing his invaluable knowledge on Mascarene Phelsuma. We thank Ivan Ineich for loaning a sample from Agalega. We thank Alicia Bonanno for kindly providing pictures. Logistic support on Reunion was provided by the Marelongue field station run by the University of Reunion and the Observatoire des Sciences de l’Université de La Réunion.

Funding

This study was supported by a Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund grant (Project #11252997) and an Agence Française de Développement grant through Reunion National Park (convention number: 2012/PNR/012).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France

    Josselin Cornuault

  2. Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l’Environnement, UMR 5300 CNRS - IRD - INPT - Université Paul Sabatier, 31062, Toulouse, Cédex 9, France

    Josselin Cornuault, Antoine Fouquet & Christophe Thébaud

  3. Nature Océan Indien, 46 rue des Mascarins, 97429, Petite Ile, Réunion, France

    Mickaël Sanchez & Thomas Duval

  4. UMR PVBMT, Université de la Réunion, Saint Pierre, Réunion, France

    Mickaël Sanchez

  5. Hémisphères, 98822, Poindimié, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France

    Thomas Duval

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JC, CT, MS and TD designed the study; MS did the field work; JC carried out the analyses and drafted the manuscript; all authors contributed to writing the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Josselin Cornuault.

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The authors have no competing interests to declare. Authorizations Research was conducted in accordance with research application permit for protected species issued by the Reunion préfecture, and authorizations for fieldwork were kindly granted by the Reunion National Park (n°DIR/I/2011–019-036).

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Cornuault, J., Sanchez, M., Duval, T. et al. Deep genetic divergence underlies within-island eco-morphological variation in the endangered day gecko Phelsuma borbonica: implications for conservation. Conserv Genet (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-024-01622-w

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