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On the variation of small-amplitude Forbush decreases with solar-geomagnetic parameters

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Abstract

Detection of weak signals remains challenging in astrophysics. This is particularly applicable in the investigation of Forbush events. There is thus, a paucity of catalogs of small-amplitude Forbush decreases (FDs). Detail investigations of the space-weather implications of small FDs are, thus, lacking in the literature. Recently, large catalogs of weak FDs, for the first time, have been published. This work employs the newly created lists of small-amplitude FDs to investigate the statistical link between small FDs and solar-geomagnetic variables. The solar-geomagnetic variables were obtained from the OMNI database. A simple coincident R software code was employed in matching the related solar-geomagnetic variables with the weak Forbush events. The FD dates were taken as the input signal. Scatter plots of FDs against interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), solar wind speed (SWS), planetary K-index (Kp) and planetary A-index (Ap) reveal a negative relationship, while that of FDs against disturbance storm time index (Dst) shows a positive relationship. Statistical significance of these relations were tested. The small-amplitude FDs and solar-geomagnetic variables at Potchefstroom (PTFM) station register statistically significant relations. Non-statistically significant correlation between the small-amplitude FDs and solar-geomagnetic variables were obtained at South Pole (SOPO) station, with the exception of FD-SWS that reveals statistically significant correlation. The differences in the correlation results obtained at the two stations (PTFM and SOPO) could be attributed to the differences in the characteristics of the NM stations. These results suggest that geomagnetic storm indices play important role in the evolution of FDs.

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Data Availability

No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

Notes

  1. Pushkin Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences.

  2. http://omniweb.gsfc.snasa.gov/ow.html.

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Acknowledgements

This paper makes use of the following websites: http://cr0.izmiran.rssi.ru/ and https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/html/owdata.html in sourcing our data. We appreciate the teams hosting these websites. Thanks to the editors and reviewers of the current work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

    Chukwuebuka J. Ugwu, Dominic C. Obiegbuna, Innocent O. Eya & Ugochukwu C. Enwelum

  2. Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa

    Chukwuebuka J. Ugwu

  3. Department of Industrial Physics, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria

    Ogbonnaya Okike

  4. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

    Firew M. Menteso, Jibrin A. Alhassan, Augustine E. Chukwude, Evaristus U. Iyida & Orji P. Orji

  5. Department of Physics, University of Jinka, Jinka, Ethiopia

    Firew M. Menteso

  6. Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

    Romanus E. Ugwoke

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  1. Chukwuebuka J. Ugwu
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Contributions

C.J.U. and O.O. wrote the main manuscript text and carried the analysis. F.M.M., J.A.A., D.C.O., A.E.C. prepared the figures. R.E.U, E.U.I, I.O.E, U.C.E and O.P.O sourced the data. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Chukwuebuka J. Ugwu.

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Ugwu, C.J., Okike, O., Menteso, F.M. et al. On the variation of small-amplitude Forbush decreases with solar-geomagnetic parameters. Astrophys Space Sci 369, 45 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-024-04310-w

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