An investigation into academic burnout among Taiwanese adolescents from the self-determination theory perspective

• Ang, R. P., & Huan, V. S. (2006). Relationship between academic stress and suicidal ideation: Testing for depression as a mediator using multiple regression. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 37, 133–143.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Assor, A., Kaplan, H., & Roth, G. (2002). Choice is good, but relevance is excellent: Autonomy-enhancing and suppressing teacher behaviours predicting students’ engagement in schoolwork. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 72, 261–278.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Baard, P. P., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Intrinsic need satisfaction: A motivational basis of performance and well-being in two work settings. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34, 2045–2068.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Barron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Burns, R. B., & Burns, R. A. (2009). Business research methods and statistics using SPSS. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

  Google Scholar 

• Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypotheses. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310–357.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Deci, E. L., Eghrari, H., Patrick, B. C., & Leone, D. R. (1994). Facilitating internalization: The self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Personality, 62, 119–142.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and the “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227–268.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Gagné, M., Leone, D. R., Usunox, J., & Kornazheva, B. P. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work organizations of a former Eastern Bloc country: A cross-cultural study of self-determination. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 930–942.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, B. W. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 499–512.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Demerouti, E., Verbeke, W., & Bakker, A. B. (2005). Exploring the relationship between a multidimensional and multifaceted burnout concept and self-rated performance. Journal of Management, 31, 186–209.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Fleiss, J. L. (1986). The design and analysis of clinical experiments. New York: Wiley.

  Google Scholar 

• Furrer, C., & Skinner, E. A. (2003). Sense of relatedness as a factor in children’s academic engagement and performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95, 148–162.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Gan, Y., & Shang, J. (2007). Coping flexibility and locus of control as predictors of burnout among Chinese college students. Social Behavior and Personality, 35, 1087–1098.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Groebner, D. F., Shannon, P. W., Fry, P. C., & Smith, K. D. (2005). Business statistics: A decision making approach. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education.

  Google Scholar 

• Hambleton, R. K. (1994). Guidelines for adapting educational and psychological tests: A progress report. Bulletin of the International Test Commission, 10, 229–244.

  Google Scholar 

• Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44, 513–524.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Hoyle, R. H., & Panter, A. T. (1995). Writing about structural equation models. In R. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 158–176). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

  Google Scholar 

• Hsu, F. L. K. (1985). The self in cross-cultural perspective. In A. J. Marsella, G. A. De Vos, & F. L. K. Hsu (Eds.), Culture and self (pp. 24–55). London: Tavistock.

  Google Scholar 

• Hwang, H. J. (2006). A study on the stress and its relative effects of variables among children and adolescents. Journal of Elementary Education, 19, 193–215.

  Google Scholar 

• Iyengar, S. S., & Lepper, M. R. (1999). Rethinking the value of choice: A cultural perspective on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 349–366.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Jacobs, S. R., & Dodd, D. K. (2003). Student burnout as a function of personality, social support, and workload. Journal of College Student Development, 44, 291–303.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Knee, C. R., & Zuckerman, M. (1998). A nondefensive personality: Autonomy and control as moderators of defensive coping and self-handicapping. Journal of Research in Personality, 32, 115–130.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Lee, J., Puig, A., Kim, Y., Shin, H., Lee, J. H., & Lee, S. M. (2010). Academic burnout profiles in Korean adolescents. Stress and Health, 26, 404–416.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Loo, R. (2004). A typology of burnout types among police managers. Policing, 27, 156–165.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7, 83–104.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. K. (1991). Culture and self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224–253.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. K. (2003). Models of agency: Sociocultural diversity in the construction of action. In V. Murphy-Berman & J. J. Berman (Eds.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Cross-cultural differences in perspectives on the self (Vol. 49, pp. 1–57). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2008). Early predictors of job burnout and engagement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 498–512.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397–422.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Miller, J. G. (1988). Bridging the content structure dichotomy: Culture and the self. In M. H. Bond (Ed.), The cross-cultural challenge to social psychology (pp. 266–281). Beverly Hills: Sage.

  Google Scholar 

• Reeve, J. (2006). Teachers as facilitators: What autonomy-supportive teachers do and why their students benefit. Elementary School Journal, 106, 225–236.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Reeve, J., & Tseng, C. (2011). Cortisol reactivity to a teacher’s motivating style: The biology of being controlled versus supporting autonomy. Motivation and Emotion, 35, 63–74.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68–78.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2003). On assimilating identities to the self: A SDT perspective on internalization and integration within cultures. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (pp. 253–274). New York: Guilford Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 293–315.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Schaufeli, W. B., Martinez, I. M., Marques Pinto, A., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students: A cross-national study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33, 464–481.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Schaufeli, W. B., & Van Dierendonck, D. (1995). A cautionary note about the cross-national and clinical validity of cut-off points for the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Psychological Reports, 76, 1083–1090.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Shek, D. T. L. (2006). Assessment of perceived parental psychological control in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Research on Social Work Practice, 16, 382–391.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Skinner, E. A., & Edge, K. (2002). Self-determination, coping, and development. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 297–337). Rochester: University of Rochester Press.

  Google Scholar 

• Sierens, E., Vansteenkiste, M., Goossens, L., Soenens, B., & Dochy, R. (2009). The synergistic relationship of perceived autonomy support and structure in the prediction of self-regulated learning. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 79, 57–68.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Luyten, P., Duriez, B., & Goossens, L. (2005). Maladaptive perfectionistic self-representations: The mediational link between psychological control and adjustment. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 487–498.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Soong, G. (2011, November 24). Taiwan’s students suffer from excess academic stress. The China Post. Retrieved August 29, 2012 from Google database.

• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

  Google Scholar 

• Tan, J. B., & Yates, S. (2011). Academic expectations as sources of stress in Asian students. Social Psychology of Education, 14, 389–407.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder: Westview.

  Google Scholar 

• Uludag, O., & Yaratan, H. (2010). The effects of burnout on engagement: An empirical study on tourism students. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport, and Tourism Education, 9, 13–23.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Williams, G. C., & Deci, E. L. (1996). Internalization of biopsychosocial values by medical students: A test of self-determination theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 767–779.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Wolters, C. A. (2004). Advancing achievement goal theory: Using goal structures and goal orientations to predict students’ motivation, cognition, and achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96, 236–250.

  Article  Google Scholar 

• Yang, K. S. (1997). Theories and research in Chinese personality: An indigenous approach. In H. S. Kao & D. Sinha (Eds.), Asian perspectives on psychology (pp. 236–262). New Delhi: Sage.

  Google Scholar 

• Zhang, Y., Gan, Y., & Cham, H. (2007). Perfectionism, academic burnout and engagement among Chinese college students: A structural equation modeling analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 1529–1540.

  Article  Google Scholar 

Download references