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Changes in the microbial community during microbial microaerophilic Fe(II) oxidation at circumneutral pH enriched from paddy soil

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Abstract

Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) are important catalysts for iron cycling in iron-rich marine, groundwater, and freshwater environments. However, few studies have reported the distribution and diversity of these bacteria in flooded paddy soils. This study investigates the microbial structure and diversity of microaerophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (mFeOB) and their possible role in Fe(II) oxidation in iron-rich paddy soils. Using enrichment experiments that employed serial transfers, the changes in microaerophilic microbial community were examined via 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. During enrichments, the Fe(II) oxidation rate decreased as transfers increased, and the maximum rate of Fe(II) oxidation was observed in the first transfer (0.197 mM day−1). Results from X-ray diffraction of minerals and scanning electron microscopy of the cell-mineral aggregates revealed that cell surfaces in all transfers were partly covered with amorphous iron oxide formed by FeOB. After four transfers, the phyla of Proteobacteria had a dominant presence that reached up to 95%. Compared with the original soil, the relative abundances of Cupriavidus, Massilia, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Sphingomonas, and Variovorax increased in FeS gradient tubes and became dominant genera after transfers. Cupriavidus, Pseudomonas, and Ralstonia have been identified as FeOB previously. Furthermore, the structure of the microbial community tended to be stable as transfers increased, indicating that other bacterial species might perform important roles in Fe(II) oxidation. These results suggest the potential involvement of mFeOB and these other microorganisms in the Fe(II)-oxidizing process of soils. It will be helpful for future studies to consider their role in related biogeochemical processes, such as transformation of organic matters and heavy metals.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Longfei Jiang from Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences for sequence analysis. This research was supported by GDAS’ Project of Science and Technology Development (2020GDASYL-20200402003 and 2019GDASYL-0301002), the National Science Foundation of China (41977291, 41603127, and 41921004), the Science and Technology Foundation of Guangdong, China (2019A1515011482).

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  1. National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science and Technology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China

    Hui Tong, Manjia Chen & Yahui Lv

  2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China

    Hui Tong, Chengshuai Liu, Chunju Zheng & Yafei Xia

  3. CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi’an, 710061, China

    Chengshuai Liu

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Tong, H., Chen, M., Lv, Y. et al. Changes in the microbial community during microbial microaerophilic Fe(II) oxidation at circumneutral pH enriched from paddy soil. Environ Geochem Health 43, 1305–1317 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00725-w

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