Abstract
Transitional vegetation zones in the neotropics harbor high biodiversity and are threatened by advancing deforestation and climate change. Besides, the diversity patterns at multiple spatial scales are little understood. We investigated the woody flora of eight savanna sites over 700 km along the transition zone between the Cerrado and Amazonia. We assessed plant diversity at three spatial scales: alpha (α = local richness), beta (βJac = Jaccard mean dissimilarity of species composition between sites), and gamma (γ = regional diversity). We also measured the sites’ contribution to beta diversity (LCBD) to unveil the ecological singularity of the transition. We found high local richness (α = ∼80 species per hectare) and high between-site dissimilarity (βJac = 0.651; LCBD = 0.354), which together contributed to high regional diversity (γ = 167). There was no relationship between floristic composition and proximity between sites or proximity to Amazonia. The locally dominant species (representing 80% or more of the total abundance) also differed across sites, indicating the unique composition of each community. This high floristic diversity at different spatial scales is severely threatened by extensive deforestation in recent decades and a paucity of protected areas, stressing the need for protected areas and conservation actions.
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Acknowledgements
We thank all farm owners who kindly gave us their land for research. We thank Carolyn Elinore Barnes Proença and Cassia Beatriz Rodrigues Munhoz for identifying species.
Funding
We would like to thank the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES/BRASIL) - FINANCE CODE 001, for granting a scholarship to co-authors JM, ACM and LAG. We are grateful the CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) for the support of productivity scholarships to Eddie Lenza (process 308236/2017-3), and financial support to project “Fitogeografia, diversidade e atributos funcionais da vegetação lenhosa de cerrados da Serra do Roncador, leste mato-grossense: influências edáficas e espaciais e implicações para conservação (447542/2014-1)”. GRC thanks CAPES, CNPq, Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAPDF), and the USAID’s PEER program under cooperative agreement AID-OAA-A-11-00012 for financial support.
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All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. JM, ACA, LAG, and EL performed data collection and material preparation. DSN and GRC performed data analyses. EL and JM wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors read and made suggestions in the manuscript at least twice and approved the final version.
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Lenza, E., Martins, J., Abadia, A.C. et al. Diversity patterns reveal the singularities of the savanna woody flora in the Cerrado-Amazonia transition. Biodivers Conserv (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02883-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02883-0