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Peroxisomes: role in cellular ageing and age related disorders

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Abstract

Peroxisomes are dynamic organelles essential for optimum functioning of a eukaryotic cell. Biogenesis of these organelles and the diverse functions performed by them have been extensively studied in the past decade. Their ability to perform functions depending on the cell type and growth conditions is unique and remarkable. Oxidation of fatty acids and reactive oxygen species metabolism are the two most important functions of these ubiquitous organelles. They are often referred to as both source and sink of reactive oxygen species in a cell. Recent research connects peroxisome dysfunction to fatal oxidative damage associated with ageing-related diseases/disorders. It is now widely accepted that mitochondria and peroxisomes are required to maintain oxidative balance in a cell. However, our understanding on the inter-dependence of these organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis of reactive oxygen species is still in its infancy. Herein, we summarize findings that highlight the role of peroxisomes in cellular reactive oxygen species metabolism, ageing and age-related disorders.

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Abbreviations

ACOX:

Acyl-CoA oxidase

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

Atg1:

Autophagy related 1

ATM:

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

CCP:

Cytochrome-c peroxidase

CHO:

Chinese hamster ovary

CLS:

Chronological lifespan

DLP:

Dynamin like protein

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

FAD:

Flavin adenine dinucleotide

FMN:

Flavin mononucleotide

GAP:

GTPase activating protein

GSH:

Glutathione (reduced)

GSSG:

Glutathione (oxidized)

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

HDF:

Human diploid fibroblast

MAVS:

Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein

mTORC1:

Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

PBD:

Peroxisomal biogenesis disorder

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PMP:

Peroxisomal membrane protein

PRDX5:

Peroxiredoxin 5

PTS:

Peroxisomal targeting signal

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TSC:

Tuberous sclerosis

VLFCA:

Very long chain fatty acid

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Acknowledgements

Our sincere apologies to all our colleagues for any publication not being cited which is due to space limitation. We would also like to thank the members of Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab (OBCAL), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati for their critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India [BT/PR16325/NER/95/117/2015] and Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India [Early Career Research Award; ECR/2015/000205].

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Correspondence to Shirisha Nagotu.

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Deori, N.M., Kale, A., Maurya, P.K. et al. Peroxisomes: role in cellular ageing and age related disorders. Biogerontology 19, 303–324 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-018-9761-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-018-9761-9

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