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Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia

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Neurodegenerative Diseases

Abstract

Fluid biomarkers, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and blood-based biomarkers, may reflect different pathological processes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The most used biomarkers are CSF β-amyloid42, total tau, phosphorylated tau, and neurofilament light, which have been studied for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment follow-up and in relation to genetics and neuroimaging. These biomarkers are now increasingly used in research, drug development, and clinical settings to increase our understanding of AD and FTD and to improve patient management. Recent progress in stable, automated assays for CSF biomarkers and ultrasensitive assays for blood-based biomarkers and the incorporation of fluid biomarkers in clinical practice and in clinical trials have accelerated the field. Key issues for further research include more extensive studies of the earliest stages of neurodegenerative diseases, better biomarkers for distinct proteinopathies, and the creation of universally accepted guidelines specifying the role of fluid biomarkers in relation to clinical measures and neuroimaging findings.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

    Niklas Mattsson M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

    Niklas Mattsson M.D., Ph.D.

  3. Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden

    Niklas Mattsson M.D., Ph.D. & Sotirios Grigoriou M.D.

  4. Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden

    Henrik Zetterberg M.D., Ph.D.

  5. Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden

    Henrik Zetterberg M.D., Ph.D.

  6. Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK

    Henrik Zetterberg M.D., Ph.D.

  7. UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK

    Henrik Zetterberg M.D., Ph.D.

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  1. Niklas Mattsson M.D., Ph.D.
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  1. University of Milan, Fondazione Ca’ Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy

    Daniela Galimberti

  2. University of Milan, Fondazione Ca’ Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy

    Elio Scarpini

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Mattsson, N., Grigoriou, S., Zetterberg, H. (2018). Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia. In: Galimberti, D., Scarpini, E. (eds) Neurodegenerative Diseases. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72938-1_11

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