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Effect of Supernovae on the Local Interstellar Material

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Handbook of Supernovae

Abstract

A range of astronomical data indicates that ancient supernovae created the galactic environment of the Sun and sculpted the physical properties of the interstellar medium near the heliosphere. In this paper, we review the characteristics of the local interstellar medium that have been affected by supernovae. The kinematics, magnetic field, elemental abundances, and configuration of the nearest interstellar material support the view that the Sun is at the edge of the Loop I superbubble, which has merged into the low-density Local Bubble. The energy source for the higher temperature X-ray-emitting plasma pervading the Local Bubble is uncertain. Winds from massive stars and nearby supernovae, perhaps from the Sco-Cen association, may have contributed radioisotopes found in the geologic record and galactic cosmic ray population. Nested supernova shells in the Orion and Sco-Cen regions suggest spatially distinct sites of episodic star formation. The heliosphere properties vary with the pressure of the surrounding interstellar cloud. A nearby supernova would modify this pressure equilibrium and thereby severely disrupt the heliosphere as well as the local interstellar medium.

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Acknowledgements

PCF would like to thank NASA for the support of this research through the IBEX funding component of the NASA Explorer program and through a grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute. VVD is grateful for the support from NASA Emerging Worlds grant NNX15AH70G. His work on supernovae, circumstellar interaction, and wind-blown bubbles has been supported over the years by NASA and the Chandra X-ray Center. VVD acknowledges useful discussions with the members of Team 351 at the ISSI in Bern, Switzerland, April 2016.

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  1. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave, IL 60637, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Priscilla Frisch & Vikram V. Dwarkadas

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  1. Priscilla Frisch
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Correspondence to Priscilla Frisch .

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  1. University of London Observatory, Mill Hill, United Kingdom

    Athem W. Alsabti

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    Paul Murdin

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Frisch, P., Dwarkadas, V.V. (2016). Effect of Supernovae on the Local Interstellar Material. In: Alsabti, A., Murdin, P. (eds) Handbook of Supernovae. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20794-0_13-1

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