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Neurodevelopment in Chronic Kidney Disease

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Pediatric Kidney Disease

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Abstract

Pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) impacts neurocognitive development, including motor and cognitive function, intelligence (IQ), attention, memory, and academic achievement. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of data evaluating the effects of mild to moderate pediatric CKD, dialysis, and kidney transplantation on cognitive function and development. The age of onset of CKD and the presence of CKD-associated comorbidities are perhaps the most important determinants of developmental outcome. Performance on IQ testing usually places children with CKD within the broad range of average intelligence but with a skew toward the lower end of a normal distribution and with lower performance than siblings. Executive function, memory and attention deficits are also known to occur in the pediatric CKD population. Relevant literature on neurodevelopment in genetic forms of kidney disease, neuroimaging, and the impact of more frequent hemodialysis are reviewed. Long-term educational and vocational outcomes for children diagnosed with CKD are presented, and recommendations for promoting optimal neurodevelopment and academic achievement are discussed.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge Susan R. Mendley, MD for her contributions to the previous edition of this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Developmental and Behavioral Health, Children’s Mercy Kansas City and the University of Missouri—Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA

    Rebecca J. Johnson

  2. University of Iowa Stead Family Children’s Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA

    Lyndsay A. Harshman

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Correspondence to Rebecca J. Johnson .

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  1. Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany

    Franz Schaefer

  2. Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Larry A. Greenbaum

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Johnson, R.J., Harshman, L.A. (2023). Neurodevelopment in Chronic Kidney Disease. In: Schaefer, F., Greenbaum, L.A. (eds) Pediatric Kidney Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11665-0_57

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