The table below considers European Parliament elections, national parliament, and presidential elections in European states and territories, including national parliament by-elections. It includes all regional elections and some local elections where these are held on a national basis or involve a capital city. “National parliament” in bicameral systems refers to the lower house unless specified otherwise.
Elections printed boldly have a direct or indirect impact on the European Council. The tilde (~) indicates that the election will occur in or around that month and no election date has been set yet. If only a month is mentioned, the election will take place in the month, but no date has been set yet. Elections in states marked with the asterisks (*) are not considered free or fair.
EU, national parliament, and presidential as well as regional elections in any federation and in unitary states with more than 40 million inhabitants are covered live on our social media. Local elections are also covered if the capital region is involved.
| 2024 | ||
| 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein | Electronic health record referendum Building regulations referendum Photovoltaic requirement referendum | 21 January |
| 🇫🇮 Finland | Presidential (first round) | 28 January |
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | Azores regional parliament | 4 February |
| 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan* | Presidential | 7 February |
| 🇫🇮 Finland | Presidential (second round) | 11 February |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | National parliament election in parts of Berlin | 11 February |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Kingswood national parliament by-election Wellingborough national parliament by-election | 15 February |
| 🇪🇸 Spain | Galicia regional parliament | 18 February |
| 🇧🇾 Belarus* | National parliament | 25 February |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Sardinia regional election (parliament + president) | 25 February |
“Involvement of the people in appointing the government” referendum Rochdale national parliament by-election | 25 February 29 February | |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | 13th OASI pension payment referendum Retirement age referendum Schwytz regional parliament and government (first round) St. Gall regional parliament and government (first round) Uri regional parliament and government (first round) Basle-City regional government by-election (first round) | 3 March |
| 🇮🇪 Ireland | Care amendment national referendum Family amendment national referendum | 8 March |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Abruzzo regional election (parliament + president) | 10 March |
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | National parliament | 10 March |
| 🇷🇺 Russia* | Presidential (first round) | 17 March |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | March |
| 🇸🇰 Slovakia | President (first round) | 23 March |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Glarus regional government by-election (second round) | 23 March |
| 🇲🇹 Malta | Presidential (indirect) | 27 March |
| 🇹🇷 Türkiye | Local (incl. Ankara and Istanbul) | 31 March |
| 🇸🇰 Slovakia | President (second round) | 6 April |
| 🇵🇱 Poland | Lower Silesia regional parliament Kuyavia-Pomerania regional parliament Lublin regional parliament Lubusz regional parliament Łódź regional parliament Lesser Poland regional parliament Masovia regional parliament Opole regional parliament Subcarpathian regional parliament Podlaskie regional parliament Pomerania regional parliament Silesia regional parliament Świętokrzyskie regional parliament Warmia-Masuria regional parliament Greater Poland regional parliament West Pomerania regional parliament Local (Warsaw (mayor + parliament) + nationwide) | 7 April |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Thurgovia regional parliament and government Basle-City regional government by-election (second round) | 7 April |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | St. Gall regional government (second round) | 14 April |
| 🇭🇷 Croatia | National parliament | 17 April |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Uri regional parliament and government (second round) | 21 April |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Basilicata regional election (parliament + president) | 21-22 April |
| 🇲🇰 North Macedonia | Presidential (first round) | 24 April |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Appenzell Inner-Rhodes regional government | 28 April |
| 🇮🇪 Ireland | Administrative panel national parliament (upper house) by-election | 29 April |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Local (incl. London mayoral) Blackpool South national parliament by-election | 2 May |
| 🇲🇰 North Macedonia | Presidential (second round) | 8 May |
| 🇲🇰 North Macedonia | National parliament | 8 May |
| 🇱🇹 Lithuania | Presidential (first round) Dual citizenship constitutional referendum | 12 May |
| 🇪🇸 Spain | Catalonia regional parliament | 12 May |
| 🇱🇹 Lithuania | Presidential (second round) | 26 May |
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | Madeira regional parliament | 26 May |
| 🇮🇸 Iceland | Presidential | 1 June |
| 🇷🇸 Serbia | Local (Belgrade (parliament) + nationwide) | 2 June |
| 🇪🇺 European Union | European Parliament | 6-9 June |
| 🇮🇪 Ireland | Local (Dublin (parliament) + Limerick (mayor + parliament) + nationwide) | 7 June |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Piedmont regional election (parliament + president) | 8-9 June |
| 🇲🇹 Malta | Local (Valetta + nationwide) | 8 June |
| 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | National parliament | 9 June |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Health insurance premiums’ relief (Initiative) Lower premiums (Initiative) Stop compulsory vaccination (Initiative) Energy Act & Electricity Supply Act (Amendment) | 9 June |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | National parliament | 9 June |
| 🇧🇪 Belgium | National parliament | 9 June |
| 🇧🇪 Belgium | Brussels regional parliament Flanders regional parliament Flemish Community regional parliament (indirect) French Community regional parliament (indirect) German-speaking Community regional parliament Wallonia regional parliament | 9 June |
| 🇨🇾 Cyprus | Famagusta regional president Larnaca regional president Limassol regional president Nicosia regional president Paphos regional president Local (Nicosia (mayor + parliament) + nationwide) | 9 June |
| 🇷🇴 Romania | Local (Bucharest + nationwide) Bacău County regional parliament and president Botoșani County regional parliament and president Iași County regional parliament and president Neamț County regional parliament and president Suceava County regional parliament and president Vaslui County regional parliament and president Brăila County regional parliament and president Buzău County regional parliament and president Constanța County regional parliament and president Galați County regional parliament and president Tulcea County regional parliament and president Vrancea County regional parliament and president Argeș County regional parliament and president Călărași County regional parliament and president Dâmbovița County regional parliament and president Giurgiu County regional parliament and president Ialomița County regional parliament and president Prahova County regional parliament and president Teleorman County regional parliament and president Dolj County regional parliament and president Gorj County regional parliament and president Mehedinți County regional parliament and president Olt County regional parliament and president Vâlcea County regional parliament and president Arad County regional parliament and president Caraș-Severin County regional parliament and president Hunedoara County regional parliament and president Timiș County regional parliament and president Bihor County regional parliament and president Bistrița-Năsăud County regional parliament and president Cluj County regional parliament and president Maramureș County regional parliament and president Satu Mare County regional parliament and president Sălaj County regional parliament and president Alba County regional parliament and president Brașov County regional parliament and president Covasna County regional parliament and president Harghita County regional parliament and president Mureș County regional parliament and president Sibiu County regional parliament and president Ilfov County regional parliament and president Bucharest regional parliament and president | 9 June |
| 🇭🇺 Hungary | Local (Budapest (mayor + parliament) + nationwide) Budapest regional president and parliament Baranya regional parliament Bács-Kiskun regional parliament Békés regional parliament Csongrád-Csanád regional parliament Fejér regional parliament Győr-Moson-Sopron regional parliament Hajdú-Bihar regional parliament Heves regional parliament Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok regional parliament Komárom-Esztergom regional parliament Nógrád regional parliament Pest regional parliament Somogy regional parliament Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg regional parliament Tolna regional parliament Vas regional parliament Veszprém regional parliament Zala regional parliament | 9 June |
| 🇸🇮 Slovenia | Euthanasia referendum Electoral reform referendum Cannabis referendum | 9 June |
| 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein | State hospital’s credit referendum | 16 June |
| 🇫🇷 France | National parliament | 30 June |
| 🇬🇧 UK | National parliament | 4 July |
| 🇫🇷 France | National parliament (potential second round) | 7 July |
| 🇵🇱 Poland | Constituency 13 national parliament (upper house) by-election | 21 July |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Shaffhouse government (first round) | 18 August |
| 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan* | National parliament | 1 September |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Saxony regional parliament Thuringia regional parliament | 1 September |
| 🇷🇺 Russia* | Altai Republic regional parliament + president Astrakhan regional president Bryansk Oblast regional parliament Chelyabinsk Oblast regional president Kabardino-Balkarian Republic regional parliament Karachay-Cherkess Republic regional parliament Khabarovsk region regional parliament Kurgan Oblast regional president Kursk Oblast regional president Lipetsk regional president Mari El Republic regional parliament Moscow regional parliament Murmansk regional president Orenburg Oblast regional president Republic of Bashkortostan regional president Republic of Kalmykia regional president Republic of Tatarstan regional parliament Sakhalin regional president Saint Petersburg regional president Stavropol Krai regional president Transbaikal Oblast regional president Tula Oblast regional parliament Tuva Republic regional parliament Volgograd regional parliament + president Vologda regional president | 8 September |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Nature and landscape biodiversity (Initiative) Reform of Occupational Pension Act (Amendment) | 22 September |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Shaffhouse government (potential second round) regional parliament | 22 September |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Brandenburg regional parliament | 22 September |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | National parliament | 29 September |
| 🇲🇪 Montenegro | Local (Podgorica) | 29 September |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Umbria regional election (parliament + president) | ~September |
| 🇨🇿 Czechia | National parliament (upper house) Central Bohemia regional parliament South Bohemia regional parliament Plzeň regional parliament Karlovy Vary regional parliament Ústí nad Labem regional parliament Liberec regional parliament Hradec Králové regional parliament Pardubice regional parliament Vysočina regional parliament South Moravia regional parliament Olomouc regional parliament Zlín regional parliament Moravian-Silesia regional parliament | ~September |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | September |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | Vorarlberg regional parliament | ~October |
| 🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina | Local (Sarajevo + nationwide) | 6 October |
| 🇱🇹 Lithuania | National parliament | 13 October |
| 🇧🇪 Belgium | Local (Brussels + nationwide) | 13 October |
| 🇲🇩 Moldova | Presidential EU accession referendum | 20 October |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Aargau regional parliament and government (first round) Basle-City regional parliament and government (first round) | 20 October |
| 🇬🇪 Georgia | National parliament Adjara regional parliament | 26 October |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Alderney parliament | 16 November |
| 🇷🇴 Romania | Presidential (first round) | 24 November |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Development of national roads referendum Swiss Code of Obligations – Lease law: subletting (Amendment) Swiss Code of Obligations – Lease law: termination for own needs (Amendment) Health insurance Act – Uniform financing of health benefits (Amendment) Aargau government (potential second round) Basle-City government (potential second round) | 24 November |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | Styria regional parliament | November |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | Local (incl. Federal City of Berne (mayoral, city government, parliament), but not nationwide) | ~November |
| 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan* | Local (Baku (parliament) + nationwide) | December |
| 🇭🇷 Croatia | Presidential | December |
| 🇷🇴 Romania | National parliament | 1 December |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Sark regional parliament | 11 December |
| 🇷🇴 Romania | Presidential (potential second round) | 12 December |
| 🇬🇪 Georgia | Presidential | by December |
| 2025 | ||
| 🇦🇹 Austria | Burgenland regional parliament | ~January |
| 🇬🇷 Greece | Presidential | ~January |
| 🇽🇰 Kosovo | National parliament | by 16 February |
| 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan* | Autonomous Republic of Nakhchivan regional parliament | ~February |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Hamburg regional parliament | ~February |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Emilia Romagna regional election (parliament + president) | February |
| 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein | Liechtenstein national parliament | ~February |
| 🇦🇲 Armenia | Presidential | ~March |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | March |
| 🇮🇪 Ireland | National parliament | by March |
| 🇭🇷 Croatia | City of Zagreb regional parliament and president Istria regional regional parliament and president Primorje-Gorski Kotar regional parliament and president Dubrovnik-Neretva regional parliament and president Varaždin regional parliament and president Zadar regional parliament and president Međimurje regional parliament and president Šibenik-Knin regional parliament and president Zagreb County regional parliament and president Split-Dalmatia regional parliament and president Lika-Senj regional parliament and president Osijek-Baranja regional parliament and president Koprivnica-Križevci regional parliament and president Sisak-Moslavina regional parliament and president Karlovac regional parliament and president Bjelovar-Bilogora regional parliament and president Krapina-Zagorje regional parliament and president Vukovar-Syrmia regional parliament and president Požega-Slavonia regional parliament and president Brod-Posavina regional parliament and president Virovitica-Podravina regional parliament and president Local (Zagreb (mayor + parliament) + nationwide) | ~May |
| 🇦🇱 Albania | National parliament | by June |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Guernsey parliament | by June |
| 🇱🇻 Latvia | Local (Riga (mayor + parliament) + nationwide) | ~June |
| 🇫🇮 Finland | Local and regional | June |
| 🇲🇩 Moldova | National parliament | by 11 July |
| 🇵🇱 Poland | Presidential | ~July |
| 🇧🇾 Belarus* | Presidential | ~August |
| 🇳🇴 Norway | National parliament | September |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | September |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Aosta Valley regional parliament Apulia regional election (parliament + president) Campania regional election (parliament + president) Liguria regional election (parliament + president) Marche regional election (parliament + president) Tuscany regional election (parliament + president) Veneto regional election (parliament + president) | ~September |
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | Local (mayor + parliament) | ~September |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | National parliament | by 26 October |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | Vienna local (parliament) and regional parliament | ~October |
| 🇨🇿 Czechia | National parliament | ~October |
| 🇪🇪 Estonia | Local (Tallinn (parliament) + nationwide) | ~October |
| 🇮🇪 Ireland | Presidential | ~October |
| 🇮🇪 Ireland | Presidential | ~October |
| 🇲🇰 North Macedonia | Local (Skopje (parliaments) | July |
| 🇩🇰 Denmark | Capital Region of Denmark regional parliament Central Denmark Region regional parliament North Denmark Region regional parliament Region Zealand regional parliament Region of Southern Denmark regional parliament Local (Copenhagen (parliament) + nationwide) | ~November |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Local | ~November |
| 2026 | ||
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | Presidential | January |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Baden-Württemberg regional parliament Rhineland Palatinate regional parliament | ~March |
| 🇳🇱 Netherlands | Local (Amsterdam (parliament)) | ~March |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | March |
| 🇸🇮 Slovenia | National parliament | by 24 April |
| 🇭🇺 Hungary | National parliament | ~April |
| 🇲🇩 Moldova | Autonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia regional parliament | ~April |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Scottish regional parliament Welsh regional parliament | by 7 May |
| 🇨🇾 Cyprus | National parliament | ~May |
| 🇫🇷 France | Local (Paris (mayor + parliament) + nationwide) (first round) | ~May |
| 🇮🇸 Iceland | Local (Reykjavík (parliament) + nationwide) | ~June |
| 🇦🇲 Armenia | National parliament | ~June |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Saxony Anhalt regional parliament | ~June |
| 🇫🇷 France | Local (Paris (mayor + parliament) + nationwide) (second round) | ~June |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Jersey parliament | by June |
| 🇸🇪 Sweden | National parliament | 13 September |
| 🇷🇺 Russia* | National parliament | by 26 September |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Berlin local and regional parliament Mecklenburg- Vorpommern regional parliament | ~September |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | September |
| 🇬🇧 UK | Isle of Man parliament | by September |
| 🇮🇸 Iceland | National parliament | By 27 September |
| 🇱🇻 Latvia | National parliament | by 3 October |
| 🇧🇦 Bosnia and Herzegovina | National parliament Presidential (Bosnia, Serb, Croat) Regional parliaments | 4 October |
| 🇩🇰 Denmark | National parliament | by 31 October |
| 🇲🇪 Montenegro | Local elections (incl. Podgorica) | ~October |
| 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | Presidential | ~November |
| 🇩🇰 Denmark | Faroe parliament | by December |
| 2027 | ||
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Calabria regional election (parliament + president) | February |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Presidential | ~March |
| 🇪🇪 Estonia | National parliament | by 7 March |
| 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein | Local (Vaduz (mayor, parliament + nationwide, first round) | ~March |
| 🇱🇹 Lithuania | Local (Vilnius (mayor, parliament) + nationwide) | ~March |
| 🇭🇺 Hungary | Presidential | ~March |
| 🇲🇹 Malta | National parliament | ~March |
| 🇲🇨 Monaco | Local (Montecarlo (parliament) + nationwide) | ~March |
| 🇳🇱 Netherlands | Drenthe regional parliament Flevoland regional parliament Friesland regional parliament Gelderland regional parliament Groningen regional parliament Limburg regional parliament North Brabant regional parliament North Holland regional parliament Overijssel regional parliament South Holland regional parliament Utrecht regional parliament Zeeland regional parliament | ~March |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | March |
| 🇫🇮 Finland | National parliament | 18 April |
| 🇦🇩 Andorra | National parliament | ~April |
| 🇫🇷 France | Presidential election (first round) | ~April |
| 🇲🇩 Moldova | Autonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia regional president | ~April |
| 🇷🇸 Serbia | Presidential | ~April |
| 🇦🇱 Albania | Local (Tirana (mayor, parliament) + nationwide) | ~May |
| 🇦🇱 Albania | Presidential (indirect) | ~May |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Bremen regional parliament North Rhine-Westphalia regional parliament Saarland regional parliament Schleswig-Holstein regional parliament | ~May |
| 🇬🇷 Greece | National parliament | ~June |
| 🇲🇪 Montenegro | National parliament | ~June |
| 🇳🇱 Netherlands | National parliament (upper house) – Senate (indirect) | ~June |
| 🇪🇸 Spain | Local (Madrid + nationwide) Aragon regional parliament Asturias regional parliament Balearic Islands regional parliament Canary Islands regional parliament Cantabria regional parliament Castile-La Mancha regional parliament Extremadura regional parliament La Rioja regional parliament Madrid regional parliament Murcia regional parliament Navarre regional parliament Valencia regional parliament | ~May |
| 🇪🇸 Spain | National parliament | by 22 August 2027 |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | Upper Austria regional parliament | ~September |
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | Madeira regional parliament | ~September |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Sicily regional election (parliament + president) | ~September |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | September |
| 🇨🇭 Switzerland | National parliament | ~September |
| 🇳🇴 Norway | Local (incl. Oslo) | ~September |
| 🇸🇮 Slovenia | Presidential | ~October |
| 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | Local ((first round) Sofia (mayor, parliament) + nationwide)) | ~October |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | Lower Saxony regional parliament | ~October |
| 🇵🇱 Poland | National parliament | by 11 November |
| 🇲🇩 Moldova | Regional parliaments | ~November |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | National parliament | by 22 December |
| 🇷🇸 Serbia | National parliament | by 31 December |
| 2028 | ||
| 🇦🇹 Austria | Lower Austria regional parliament | ~January |
| 🇨🇿 Czechia | Presidential | ~January |
| 🇨🇾 Cyprus | Presidential | ~February |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Lazio regional election (parliament + president) Lombardy regional election (parliament + president) | ~February |
| 🇲🇨 Monaco | National parliament | ~February |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | Carinthia regional parliament | ~March |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | Salzburg regional parliament | ~March |
| 🇳🇱 Netherlands | National parliament | by 15 March |
| 🇲🇪 Montenegro | Presidential | ~March |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | March |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Friuli-Venezia Giulia regional election (parliament + president) | ~April |
| 🇹🇷 Türkiye | Presidential National parliament | ~May |
| 🇫🇷 France | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes regional parliament Bourgogne-Franche-Comté regional parliament Brittany regional parliament Centre-Val de Loire regional parliament Corsica regional parliament Grand Est regional parliament Île-de-France regional parliament Occitanie regional parliament Hauts-de-France regional parliament Normandy regional parliament Nouvelle-Aquitaine regional parliament Pays de la Loire regional parliament Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur regional parliament | ~June |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Molise regional election (parliament + president) | ~June |
| 🇦🇹 Austria | Presidential | ~October |
| 🇱🇺 Luxembourg | National parliament | ~October |
| 🇬🇷 Greece | Local (incl. Athens) | ~October |
| 2029 | ||
| 🇮🇹 Italy | Presidential | ~January |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | March |
| 🇺🇦 Ukraine | Presidential (first round) | ~March |
| 🇸🇲 San Marino | Presidential (indirect) | September |
| 🇱🇺 Luxembourg | Local election | ~October |
Notes: National level: The Vatican City is an absolute monarchy and only holds executive elections after the death or resignation of its leader. Andorra’s dual executive is appointed by executives of the Vatican City and directly elected through the Presidential elections in France. The executives of Belgium, Denmark, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom are hereditary and not elected. Due to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, elections are not scheduled at this moment and presidential elections in Ukraine originally scheduled for 31 March have been postponed.
Regional level: Andorra, Armenia, Bulgaria, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, North Macedonia, San Marino, Slovenia, and the Vatican City have no regional administration. Regional executives in Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan*, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Czechia, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Aosta Vally, in all regions of Moldova except in the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, in parts of Russia*, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Türkiye, Ukraine and the United Kingdom are not directly elected. Cyprus does not have regional parliaments. Finland does not have regional executives.
Local level: Local (mayoral + parliament) election dates in Austria, Germany, Italy, Russia*, and the UK vary by subnational entity.
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