Jackson, A. M., Benson, L., Savarese, G., Hage, C., Jhund, P. S. , Petrie, M. C. , Dahlström, U., McMurray, J. J.V. and Lund, L. H. (2022) Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension across the spectrum of heart failure phenotypes in the Swedish HF Registry. JACC: Heart Failure, 10(6), pp. 380-392. (doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2022.04.006) (PMID:35654522)
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Abstract
Background: Hypertension is common in patients with heart failure (HF), but less is known about resistant hypertension. Objectives: This study sought to investigate apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH) in patients with HF in the SwedeHF (Swedish Heart Failure Registry), across the spectrum of HF phenotypes (heart failure with reduced ejection fraction [HFrEF], heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction [HFmrEF], and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction [HFpEF]). Methods: aTRH was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg (≥135 mm Hg in diabetes) despite treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker, or sacubitril-valsartan, as well as a calcium-channel blocker and a diuretic; non–treatment-resistant hypertension (TRH) was defined as systolic blood pressure above these thresholds but not on the 3-drug combination; and normal blood pressure was defined as under these thresholds. In each left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) category, patient factors associated with aTRH and non-TRH and outcomes (HF hospitalization and cardiovascular death composite, its components, and all-cause death) according to hypertension category were examined. Results: Among 46,597 patients, aTRH was present in 2,693 (10%), 1,514 (14%), and 1,450 (17%) patients with HFrEF, HFmrEF, and HFpEF, respectively. Older age, obesity, diabetes, and kidney disease were associated with a greater likelihood of aTRH and non-TRH (vs normal blood pressure). Associations were generally similar irrespective of LVEF category. Compared with normal blood pressure, aTRH was associated with a lower adjusted risk of the composite outcome in HFrEF and HFmrEF (HR: 0.79 [95% CI: 0.74-0.85] and HR: 0.86 [95% CI: 0.77-0.96]) but not in HFpEF (HR: 0.93 [95% CI: 0.84-1.04]). Conclusions: aTRH was most common in HFpEF and least common in HFrEF. Associated patient characteristics were similar irrespective of LVEF category. aTRH (vs normal blood pressure) was associated with a lower risk of first HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death in HFrEF and HFmrEF but not in HFpEF.
Item Type: | Articles |
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Status: | Published |
Refereed: | Yes |
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: | Jhund, Professor Pardeep and Petrie, Professor Mark and McMurray, Professor John and Jackson, Dr Alice |
Authors: | Jackson, A. M., Benson, L., Savarese, G., Hage, C., Jhund, P. S., Petrie, M. C., Dahlström, U., McMurray, J. J.V., and Lund, L. H. |
College/School: | College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health |
Journal Name: | JACC: Heart Failure |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
ISSN: | 2213-1779 |
ISSN (Online): | 2213-1787 |
Published Online: | 30 May 2022 |
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