<p>A view of the entrance to the Gross-Rosen concentration camp. This photograph was taken after the liberation of the camp. Gross-Rosen, Germany.</p>
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A family stands outside of their wagon while interned in a Zigeunerlager ("Gypsy camp"). In the background, children are crowded around Eva Justin. Justin worked for the Center for Research on Racial Hygiene and Demographic Biology. Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, 1938.  During the Nazi era, Dr. Robert Ritter was a leading authority on the racial classification of people pejoratively labeled “Zigeuner” (“Gypsies”). Ritter’s research was in a field called eugenics, or what the Nazis called “racial hygiene.” Ritter worked with a small team of racial hygienists. Among them were Eva Justin and Sophie Ehrhardt. Most of the people whom Ritter studied and classified as Zigeuner were German Roma called Sinti. Sinti are a subgroup of Romani peoples.  In 1935, municipal authorities across Nazi Germany began to force Romani families to move into Zigeunerlager (“Gypsy camps”). Eventually, these camps were centralized under the authority of the Nazi Kripo (criminal police). Ritter and his team regularly examined the individuals in these camps. They sometimes used threats or bribes to force people to cooperate. The creation of these camps was one of the Nazis’ early steps toward the genocide of Romani peoples. Many Romani victims were later deported to concentration camps, ghettos, or killing centers.  Source Record ID: Bild 146/87/108/66
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A family interned in a "Gypsy camp"
Crematorium 4 under construction. This crematorium was later destroyed during an uprising in the camp. Auschwitz-Birkenau, Poland, winter 1942-1943.
Article
Administration of the Auschwitz Camp Complex
Selected Features 1. Camp Commandant's House 2. Main Guard House 3. Camp Administrative Office 4. Gestapo 5. Reception Building/Prisoner Registration 6. Kitchen 7. Gas Chamber and Crematorium 8. Storage Buildings and Workshops 9. Storage of Confiscated Belongings 10. Gravel Pit: Execution Site 11. Camp Orchestra Site 12. "Black Wall" Execution Site 13. Block 11: Punishment Bunker 14. Block 10: Medical Experiments 15. Gallows 16. Block Commander's Barracks 17. SS Hospital
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Auschwitz I camp, 1944
Map
Auschwitz III (Monowitz) camp, 1944
SS female auxiliaries getting off the bus on a day trip in July 1944; this image contrasts starkly with the arrival of a deported Hungarian men, women, and children in Auschwitz-Birkenau in May 1944. From Karl Höcker's photograph album, which includes both documentation of official visits and ceremonies at Auschwitz as well as more personal photographs depicting the many social activities that he and other members of the Auschwitz camp staff enjoyed. These rare images show Nazis singing, hunting, and even trimming a Christmas tree. They provide a chilling contrast to the photographs of thousands of Hungarian Jews deported to Auschwitz at the same time.
Article
Auschwitz Through the Lens of the SS: A Tale of Two Albums
This photograph shows a group of SS officers at Solahuette, the SS retreat outside of Auschwitz. Pictured from left to right: Josef Kramer, Dr. Josef Mengele, Richard Baer, Karl Höcker, and an unidentified officer.
Article
Auschwitz Through the Lens of the SS: The Album
Media Essay
Baltic Countries: Maps
A view of the double row of barbed-wire fences that surrounded the Ohrdruf camp, a subcamp in the Buchenwald camp system. Ohrdruf, Germany, April 1945.
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Barbed-wire fences surrounding Ohrdruf
Interior view of prisoners' barracks at the Ohrdruf subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp. This photograph was taken after liberation. Ohrdruf, Germany, April 13, 1945.
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Barracks at the Ohrdruf camp
Ben was born in a small village in the Carpathian Mountains of Transylvania in Romania. When he was an infant, his family moved to the United States. Ben attended Harvard University, where he studied criminal law. Ben graduated from Harvard University Law School in 1943. He joined a US anti-aircraft artillery battalion that was training in preparation for an Allied invasion of western Europe. At the end of World War II in Europe, Ben was transferred to the war crimes investigation branch of the US Army. He was charged with gathering evidence against and apprehending alleged Nazi war criminals. He ultimately became chief US prosecutor in The Einsatzgruppen Case of the Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings. Describes the process of collecting evidence (including evidence of crimes in the Buchenwald camp) and issuing arrest warrants
Oral History
Benjamin (Beryl) Ferencz describes collecting evidence
After liberation of the Bergen-Belsen camp, British soldiers forced German mayors from nearby towns to view mass graves. Bergen-Belsen, Germany, after April 15, 1945.
Article
Bergen-Belsen: Key Dates
Media Essay
Bergen-Belsen: Maps
Article
Blechhammer
View of the Neuengamme concentration camp. Prisoners stand behind the fence that separates the "protective custody" camp from the manufacturing sectors of the camp. In the distance are the crematorium and the Walther armaments works. Photograph taken between 1940 and 1945, Neuengamme, Germany.   
Timeline Event
British Forces Approach Neuengamme
Article
Halle
View of the camp for Roma (Gypsies) in Lodz. The original German caption for this photograph was:  "Zigeunerlager" (Gypsy camp), #137. In the autumn of 1941, German police authorities deported some 5,000 Roma from Austria to the ghetto for Jews in Lodz, where they resided in a segregated section (part of which is shown in this photograph). Photograph taken between 1940 and 1944. 
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Camp for Roma (Gypsies) in Lodz

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