Jump to content

Professional Women's Hockey Players Association

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from PWHPA)

Professional Women's Hockey Players Association
AbbreviationPWHPA
FoundedMay 20, 2019
HeadquartersPhiladelphia, United States
Location
  • Canada
    United States
Operations Consultant
Jayna Hefford
Advisory Consultant
Ilana Kloss
WebsitePWHPA.com

The Professional Women's Hockey Players Association (PWHPA) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to advocating for the promotion of professional women's ice hockey.[1] It was founded in May 2019 following the dissolution of the Canadian Women's Hockey League. PWHPA members expressed dissatisfaction with the operations of the existing professional National Women's Hockey League (renamed the Premier Hockey Federation in 2021) and vowed to boycott existing women's leagues and to work towards the establishment of a unified, financially sustainable professional league. From 2019 to 2023, the PWHPA organized a series of exhibition seasons, known as the Dream Gap tours, to generate support towards its goal.

After partnering with Mark Walter and Billie Jean King in 2022, the PWHPA organized a formal players union in 2023 and negotiated a collective bargaining agreement. Mark Walter Group and BJK Enterprises then purchased the Premier Hockey Federation and wound down its operations before announcing the launch of the new Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL). The PWHL began play in 2024 with six teams in Canada and the United States, marking a major victory for the PWHPA.

History

[edit]

Establishment

[edit]

Beginning in the late 1990s, several high-level amateur and semi-professional women's ice hockey leagues appeared in Canada and the United States. The National Women's Hockey League was founded in 1999, mainly comprising teams in Eastern Canada in Ontario and Quebec, before folding in 2007. A western counterpart, the Western Women's Hockey League (WWHL) launched in 2004 and lasted until 2011. The Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL) was founded to replace the NWHL in 2007, and it strove to become a professional league while placing a greater emphasis on player involvement. However, the league could typically pay only for travel, ice time, uniforms, and some equipment, and did not pay players a salary.[2][3] From 2011 to 2015, the CWHL was the only organized top-level women's hockey league in North America.[4]

In 2015, a second National Women's Hockey League (NWHL) was launched in the United States, and was the first women's hockey league to pay its players.[5] In 2017, the CWHL followed suit and began paying its players a stipend.[6] Following the 2018–19 season, the CWHL abruptly ceased operations, citing the fragmentation of corporate sponsors between the CWHL and NWHL, a lack of viewership, and reduced revenue from a partnership in China as eroding the league's financial stability.[7][8] This left the NWHL—which had earlier in 2019 approached the CWHL to propose a merger—as the only top-level option for women's players.[8]

On 2 May 2019, over 200 players from both the CWHL and NWHL released a joint statement, underlined by the hashtag #ForTheGame, announcing their intent to boycott any North American professional league for the 2019–20 season, citing their dissatisfaction in the operations of both leagues in that neither provided health insurance or a livable salary.[9][10] They stated their intent to work towards the establishment of a unified, financially sustainable professional league. On 20 May, the players formed a non-profit called the Professional Women's Hockey Players Association (PWHPA) to advance their mission.[11][12][13] Initially, PWHPA members hoped that the boycott would last for only one year.[14]

Boycott and Dream Gap tour

[edit]

Relations with the NWHL/PHF

[edit]

The NWHL responded to the boycott announcement by stating that they were pursuing increased sponsorships with a view to increasing player salaries—which had reportedly decreased to as low as $2,000 in some cases—and an offer to give players a 50 percent split of revenue on league sponsorship and media deals.[15][16] However, with a large number of North American players boycotting the NWHL, more than half of the signed players on opening rosters for the 2019–20 NWHL season were new to the league.[17]

Over the next four years, the relationship between the PWHPA and the NWHL was strained. While a significant number of players defected from the NWHL in 2019 to help form the PWHPA, dozens would return to the league in the following years, citing improving conditions—the league markedly increased its salary cap after 2019—and a desire to play in a league.[18][19] Notably, in 2023 Noora Räty resigned from the PWHPA board to sign a six-figure contract with the Metropolitan Riveters of the then-rebranded Premier Hockey Federation (PHF).[20][21] However, the PWHPA consistently criticized the PHF and its business model, and rejected overtures to merge. PWHPA players raised concerns over a perceived lack of professionalism and sub-standard conditions within the NWHL.[22][23] American Olympian Hilary Knight stated that the NWHL was "a glorified beer league" offering the "illusion of professionalism",[23][24] while retired Canadian legend Hayley Wickenheiser called it a "so-called pro league".[25] PWHPA players stated that they disagreed with the NWHL's approach to growing women's hockey, calling for a less incremental approach.[26][27] NWHL founder and commissioner Dani Rylan was sometimes cited as a point of contention; Rylan ultimately resigned in 2020.[25][28]

Another significant issue was the role of the National Hockey League (NHL). While the PWHPA hoped to receive support from the NHL in establishing a new professional league, a number of NHL teams had previously established ties with PHF teams, and the NHL stated that it would not put its support fully behind one effort or the other, encouraging the sides to merge.[29][30]

Anissa Gamble during the PWHPA Dream Gap Tour in September 2019.

PWHPA partnerships

[edit]

After its formation, the PWHPA focused its efforts on courting corporate and media sponsorships, while also managing to form a number of partnerships directly with NHL teams.[31][32] The PWHPA launched a "Dream Gap" tour, meant to highlight the disparity in support between men's and women's hockey and to increase support for the latter. As the PWHPA boycott stretched beyond a single season, the Dream Gap tour became an annual "season" of exhibition tournaments. The final Dream Gap season saw four teams competing for the Secret Cup, with Team Harvey's prevailing over Team Scotiabank in the final.[33]

The PWHPA formed an early advisory partnership with American tennis legend Billie Jean King, an early advocate for women's equality in sports and the founder of the Women's Tennis Association.[34] In December 2019, the PWHPA partnered with the ECHL and chose four members to participate in the 2020 ECHL All-Star Game, with Dani Cameranesi, Kali Flanagan, Gigi Marvin, and Annie Pankowski each assigned to one of the four teams.[35] The 2020 NHL All-Star Game also expanded its inclusion of female skaters from previous seasons to a full three-on-three exhibition game between teams composed of American and Canadian women's players.[36] Eighteen of the 20 players were active PWHPA members and the event was supported by the PWHPA, but it was not directly in partnership with the association.[37][38] In March 2020, the PWHPA partnered with the Arizona Coyotes for their sixth Dream Gap tour stop in Tempe, Arizona.[39] The New York Rangers became the first NHL team to host a PWHPA game on 28 February 2021, at Madison Square Garden.[40] The PWHPA announced it would also be partnering with the Toronto Maple Leafs with the team hosting a game and providing marketing assistance and sponsorship consultation services.[41]

In 2022, the PWHPA entered a formal partnership with Mark Walter, owner of the Los Angeles Dodgers, and Billie Jean King with the intent to launch their new professional league.[42]

Launch of the PWHL

[edit]

In February 2023, the PWHPA organized a formal labour union—the Professional Women's Hockey League Players Association (PWHLPA)—to negotiate a collective bargaining agreement (CBA) for the new league.[43][44] The eight-year agreement was finalized in June and ratified by 3 July, making it effective from 1 August 2023 to 31 July 2031.[45][46] The CBA establishes an average salary target of $55,000 for teams in the new league, with each team required to sign at least six players to a minimum salary of $80,000 and no more than nine players to a league minimum $35,000, with the minimum and average salaries slated to increase 3% per year of the agreement.[45] The agreement, which included health and other employment benefits, marked a major victory for the PWHPA.

On 29 August 2023, the union hired Brian Burke to serve as its executive director.[47] Its executive committee comprises Brianne Jenner, Sarah Nurse, Hilary Knight, Liz Knox, and Kendall Coyne Schofield.[48][49]

During the ratification vote for the new CBA, it was announced on 30 June 2023, that Mark Walter Group and BJK Enterprises had purchased the PHF, opening the way for the establishment of a new, unified league.[50][51][52] The PHF was ultimately wound down and in late August, the partners announced the foundation of the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL), with the intent of beginning play in January 2024.[53] Six teams—three each based in Canada and the United States—were established, a PWHL draft was held in September 2023, and training and evaluation camps were held in November and December.[54] League play began on 1 January 2024.[55]

Leadership

[edit]

Ballard Spahr, LLP provided pro bono support to help create the PWHPA. Nine players made up the founding board: Jocelyne Lamoureux-Davidson, Alyssa Gagliardi, Brianne Jenner, Hilary Knight, Liz Knox, Noora Räty, Kimberly Sass, Kendall Coyne-Schofield, and Shannon Szabados.[56] On 2 September 2020, Knox resigned from the board to allow Sarah Nurse, one of only a few black players in the PWHPA, to take her place.[57] Former CWHL interim commissioner Jayna Hefford was hired as the PWHPA operations consultant in August 2019.[58]

In May 2023, Räty resigned from the board to sign a PHF contract.[21] By then, the PWHPA board had eight members, seven of whom were founders: Lamoureux-Davidson, Gagliardi, Jenner, Knight, Knox, Nurse, Sass, and Coyne-Schofield.[20]

Support from the NHL was credited with helping to expedite the launch of the PWHL.[30]

PWHPA seasons

[edit]
A ceremonial face-off during the 2019 Toronto Dream Gap tour stop. Vicky Sunohara dropping the puck between Brianne Jenner and Marie-Philip Poulin.

As the PWHPA worked towards its goal of establishing a new professional league, it organized Dream Gap tour "seasons" featuring exhibition matches between select PWHPA players competing for sponsorship and prize money.[59][60] Seasons also frequently featured exhibition matches between PWHPA members and other teams, including games against NHL alumni.[61][62]

In 2019, the PWHPA set up regional training hubs in Montreal, Mississauga, Markham, Calgary, Boston, Buffalo, Minnesota, and the Northeast United States, where players could practice multiple times a week.[34] The PWHPA's first season, which lasted from September 2019 to March 2020, comprised a tour of showcase exhibition games; at each tour stop, teams were formed and named after team captains—e.g. the first showcase in Toronto featured teams captained by Rebecca Johnston, Brianne Jenner, Liz Knox, and Marie-Philip Poulin.[34] The season was meant to include a stop in Japan with PWHPA players facing the Japanese national team; however, the tour was cancelled due to concerns about the COVID-19 pandemic.[63]

Subsequent seasons featured more stable rosters based out of five training hubs and on teams named after sponsors. The second season was buoyed by a $1 million sponsorship agreement with Secret.[64] It was played in regional hubs due to the ongoing pandemic, with three Canadian-based teams playing games in Calgary and two American-based teams making stops in three US cities.[65][66] The third season occurred at the same time as national team players were centralized ahead of the 2022 Winter Olympics, meaning that many of the top PWHPA players were not available on tour; however, a team of PHWPA all-stars played a series of games against national teams, including Team Canada, Team USA, and Team Japan.[67][68] The PWHPA also hosted a post-Olympics "Rivalry Rematch" between the Canadian and American teams in Pittsburgh.[69]

For what proved to be the final season, four teams competed and for the first time accumulated points throughout the season in a bid for the championship, the Secret Cup.[33][70] Teams were no longer based in regional hubs, with rosters constructed based on a new player-ranking system.[71]

Dream Gap Tours
Season Teams Locations Champion
2019–20 Various Toronto (twice)
Hudson, New Hampshire
Chicago
Philadelphia
Tempe, Arizona
None
2020–21 Team Adidas (Minnesota)
Team Women's Sports Foundation (New Hampshire)
Team Bauer (Montreal)
Team Scotiabank (Calgary)
Team Sonnet (Toronto)
New York City
Chicago
St. Louis
Calgary
Team Adidas (US)
Team Bauer (Canada)
2021–22 Team Adidas (Minnesota)
Team Bauer (Boston)
Team Harvey's (Montreal)
Team Scotiabank (Calgary)
Team Sonnet (Toronto)
Truro, Nova Scotia
Toronto
Ottawa
Arlington, Virginia
Montreal
Various
2022–23 Team Adidas
Team Harvey's
Team Scotiabank
Team Sonnet
Montreal
Truro
Pittsburgh
Collingwood, Ontario
Southern Ontario
Tampa Bay
Arlington
Southern California
Team Harvey's

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Hayden, Zoë (May 29, 2019). "Women's Hockey: What's a Union? (plus, a note on our coverage)". The Victory Press. Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
  2. ^ Cleary, Martin (September 30, 2007). "Dreaming of a league of her own". Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on October 23, 2007. Retrieved July 18, 2014.
  3. ^ Longman, Jeré (November 18, 2013). "Crashing the Boards and Cracking the Books". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 11, 2019. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
  4. ^ "Professional Women's Hockey League different than leagues that came before". CP24. The Canadian Press. December 30, 2023. Archived from the original on December 31, 2023. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  5. ^ Peters, Chris (October 11, 2015). "NWHL, first paid women's pro hockey league, drops puck on first season". CBS Sports. Archived from the original on August 6, 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
  6. ^ Brady, Rachel (September 1, 2017). "Canadian Women's Hockey League will begin paying its players". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on October 10, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
  7. ^ "Final Public Communication" (PDF). Canadian Women's Hockey League. July 2, 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 25, 2020. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
  8. ^ a b Rutherford, Kristina (March 31, 2019). "Questions, frustration remain in wake of CWHL's decision to fold". Sportsnet. Archived from the original on April 2, 2019. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  9. ^ McKenzie, Bob (May 2, 2019). "More than 200 players call for overhaul of women's pro hockey". The Sports Network. Archived from the original on November 16, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
  10. ^ Kaplan, Emily (May 2, 2019). "Women's hockey stars to boycott pro leagues". ESPN. Archived from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved January 6, 2024.
  11. ^ Jay, Michelle (May 20, 2019). "Professional Women's Hockey Player Association established, issues statement". The Ice Garden. Archived from the original on October 10, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
  12. ^ Ingemi, Marisa (September 7, 2019). "Women's pro hockey leagues with no communication as season nears". Boston Herald. Archived from the original on October 2, 2022. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  13. ^ Kaplan, Emily (September 20, 2019). "Sorting out the current landscape of professional women's hockey". ESPN. Archived from the original on December 2, 2022. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  14. ^ Kaplan, Emily (March 8, 2020). "What's next in the professional women's hockey saga?". ESPN. Archived from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  15. ^ Johnson, Randy (May 3, 2019). "Whitecaps standouts and other Olympians won't play until demands are met". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
  16. ^ "A Statement to the Players, Fans and Supporters of the NWHL and Women's Hockey". NWHL.zone. May 2, 2019. Archived from the original on July 16, 2019. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
  17. ^ Jay, Michelle (October 4, 2019). "2019-20 NWHL Preview: Storylines to watch". The Ice Garden. Archived from the original on October 8, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
  18. ^ "Jordan Juron joins Boston Pride from PWHPA". Boston Herald. January 10, 2019. Archived from the original on January 12, 2020. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
  19. ^ "Premier Hockey Federation to more than double salary cap, add expansion franchises". ESPN. AP. January 18, 2022. Archived from the original on January 18, 2022. Retrieved January 18, 2022.
  20. ^ a b Kennedy, Ian (May 16, 2023). "Analyzing Noora Räty's Departure From The PWHPA Board". The Hockey News. Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
  21. ^ a b Kennedy, Ian (October 3, 2023). "Räty Believes PWHPA Departure Ended Her PWHL Hopes". The Hockey News. Archived from the original on October 4, 2023. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
  22. ^ "Behind the Game: Former Players Detail Life in the NWHL". The Victory Press. May 10, 2020. Archived from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  23. ^ a b Wharton, David (March 8, 2020). "U.S. women's hockey players look for stability in starting their own league". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on August 11, 2022. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  24. ^ Kennedy, Ian (June 18, 2023). "PWHPA Continues To Fire Shots At PHF". The Hockey News. Archived from the original on January 19, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
  25. ^ a b Rutherford, Kristina. ""A woman willing to change the world"". Sportsnet. Archived from the original on March 15, 2020. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
  26. ^ "Professionalism prompts Kristen Richards to choose PWHPA over NWHL". Toronto Star. June 11, 2020. Archived from the original on February 19, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  27. ^ Larkin, Matt (June 3, 2020). "Jayna Hefford Q&A: head of the PWHPA talks future of the women's game, NHL investment and more". The Hockey News. Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
  28. ^ Ingemi, Marisa (March 23, 2021). "What Dani Rylan Kearney's resignation means for the NWHL, women's hockey". Sportsnet. Archived from the original on March 25, 2021. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
  29. ^ "NHL asks PWHPA and PHF to meet in pursuit of forming a unified women's league". Sportsnet. March 17, 2022. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved January 18, 2024.
  30. ^ a b Kennedy, Ian (August 29, 2023). "NHL Support Was Crucial To PWHL Success". The Hockey News. Archived from the original on August 31, 2023. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
  31. ^ Dichter, Myles (February 10, 2021). "NHL partnerships bring unified women's league closer to reality, PWHPA's Hefford says". CBC Sports. Archived from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
  32. ^ Wawrow, John (March 2, 2022). "PWHPA inching closer to forming women's pro hockey league". CBC Sports. AP. Archived from the original on March 14, 2022. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  33. ^ a b "Jessie Eldridge leads Team Harvey to PWHPA Secret Cup title". CBC Sports. The Canadian Press. March 13, 2023. Archived from the original on March 15, 2023. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
  34. ^ a b c Brady, Rachel (September 20, 2019). "PWHPA: the Dream Gap Tour leading the way for women's hockey in North America". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on September 21, 2019. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  35. ^ "PWHPA Members of U.S. Women's Ice Hockey Team to Participate in Warrior/ECHL All-Star Classic". OurSportsCentral. December 13, 2019. Archived from the original on December 14, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
  36. ^ NHL Public Relations (January 15, 2020). "2020 NHL All-Star Skills highlighted by two new events: Elite Women's 3-on-3, Shooting Stars to debut". nhl.com. National Hockey League. Archived from the original on January 16, 2020. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
  37. ^ "PWHPA Members Invited to NHL All-Star Skills". PWHPA. January 16, 2020. Archived from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2020.
  38. ^ "Rosters for Elite Women's 3-on-3 presented by adidas". NHL. January 15, 2020. Archived from the original on October 4, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2020.
  39. ^ "Coyotes Announce PWHPA Dream Gap Tour Coming to Tempe March 6–8". PWHPA. January 30, 2020. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  40. ^ "Rangers become 1st NHL team to host women's pro hockey game". CBC Sports. February 3, 2021. Archived from the original on February 5, 2021. Retrieved February 6, 2021.
  41. ^ "PWHPA announces partnership with Maple Leafs". Sportsnet. February 6, 2021. Archived from the original on February 6, 2021. Retrieved February 6, 2021.
  42. ^ Salvian, Hailey (May 24, 2022). "PWHPA, Billie Jean King considering new league: Source". The Athletic. Archived from the original on June 30, 2023. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
  43. ^ Salvian, Hailey (February 23, 2023). "PWHPA organize formal union, negotiating CBA with their investor group: Sources". The Athletic. Archived from the original on September 18, 2023. Retrieved January 18, 2024.
  44. ^ Zwolinksi, Mark (February 27, 2023). "PWHPA union and contract talks reportedly move new women's hockey league closer to reality". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on January 18, 2024. Retrieved January 18, 2024.
  45. ^ a b Kennedy, Ian (July 3, 2023). "CBA Compensation Details: New Professional Women's Hockey League". The Hockey News. Archived from the original on October 1, 2023. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  46. ^ "Collective Bargaining Agreement Between Professional Women's Hockey League and Professional Women's Hockey League Players Association" (PDF). PWHLPA.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 7, 2024. Retrieved January 18, 2024.
  47. ^ "Brian Burke named executive director of pro women's hockey players' union". Sportsnet. August 29, 2023. Archived from the original on September 3, 2023. Retrieved January 18, 2024.
  48. ^ Bellerose, Sam (October 3, 2023). "Liz Knox to serve on Executive Committee of PWHL Players Association". Laurier Athletics. Wilfrid Laurier University. Archived from the original on January 18, 2024. Retrieved January 18, 2024.
  49. ^ Kennedy, Ian (December 20, 2023). "PWHLPA Chooses Player Representatives". The Hockey News. Archived from the original on January 18, 2024. Retrieved January 18, 2024.
  50. ^ Wyshynski, Greg (June 29, 2023). "Sources: Premier Hockey Federation sale could unite women's hockey". ESPN. Archived from the original on June 30, 2023. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
  51. ^ Salvian, Hailey (June 30, 2023). "What we know about the PHF shutdown, and more on the new pro women's hockey league". The Athletic. Archived from the original on June 30, 2023. Retrieved June 30, 2023.
  52. ^ Krotz, Paul (June 30, 2023). "New Women's Pro Hockey League to Launch in 2024". PremierHockeyFederation.com. Premier Hockey Federation. Retrieved June 30, 2023. Initiative, led by Mark and Kimbra Walter, Billie Jean King has PWHPA and PHF support
  53. ^ Silverman, Alex (August 29, 2023). "PWHL announces plans for inaugural season". Sports Business Journal. Archived from the original on January 18, 2024. Retrieved January 18, 2024.
  54. ^ Ibrahim, Abdulhamid (January 2, 2024). "PWHL sorting out missing pieces like team names and logos as it goes along". The Globe and Mail. CP. Archived from the original on January 3, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
  55. ^ Donkin, Karissa (January 5, 2024). "Players beaming as physical play, new rules and historic moments highlight PWHL's 1st week". CBC Sports. Archived from the original on January 5, 2024. Retrieved January 5, 2024.
  56. ^ Jay, Michelle (July 8, 2019). "PWHPA solidifies leadership group, plans for future". The Ice Garden. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
  57. ^ Kaplan, Emily (September 2, 2020). "PWHPA adds Nurse to board to fix 'blind spot'". ESPN. Archived from the original on September 8, 2020. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  58. ^ "Jayna Hefford to lead Professional Women's Hockey Players' Association". Sportsnet. August 21, 2019. Archived from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
  59. ^ Azzi, Alex (October 19, 2022). "PWHPA Explainer: Pro league status, Dream Gap Tour schedule, roster selection and more". NBC Sports. Archived from the original on January 23, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  60. ^ Dichter, Myles (October 13, 2022). "Return of PWHPA's Dream Gap Tour shifts women's hockey focus back on sport's future". CBC Sports. Archived from the original on October 14, 2022. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  61. ^ White, Marcus (September 22, 2019). "PWHPA stars not just playing for bragging rights vs. Sharks alumni". NBC Sports. Archived from the original on September 19, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
  62. ^ "Professional women's hockey players showcase talents in Tempe". The Daily Independent. March 10, 2020. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved August 18, 2020.
  63. ^ Wyshynski, Greg (February 24, 2020). "PWHPA postpones weeklong hockey tour in Japan due to coronavirus". ESPN. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  64. ^ Kaplan, Emily (October 28, 2020). "Inside the $1 million commitment that will elevate the Professional Women's Hockey Player Association Dream Gap Tour". ESPN. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  65. ^ "Minnesota defeats New Hampshire to claim U.S. Secret Cup in St. Louis". CBC Sports. May 17, 2021. Archived from the original on May 19, 2021. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  66. ^ Gilbertson, Wes (May 30, 2021). "Superstar centre Poulin leads Team Bauer to tournament title at PWHPA showcase in Calgary". Calgary Sun. Archived from the original on May 31, 2021. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  67. ^ "PWHPA Unveils Plans for Secret Sponsored All-Star Team". PWHPA. October 8, 2021. Archived from the original on October 23, 2021. Retrieved January 23, 2024 – via Women's Hockey Life.
  68. ^ "PWHPA All-Stars to play against Canada, Japan ahead of Beijing Olympics". Sportsnet. October 22, 2022. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  69. ^ "Poulin's OT winner lifts Canada over United States in Rivalry Rematch". Sportsnet. AP. March 12, 2022. Archived from the original on March 14, 2022. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  70. ^ Kennedy, Ian (March 13, 2023). "Team Harvey's Wins PWHPA Title to Cap Off a Successful Season". The Hockey News. Archived from the original on July 3, 2023. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  71. ^ "PWHPA 2022-23 season schedule kicks off with Secret Dream Gap Tour". The Athletic. August 18, 2022. Archived from the original on August 18, 2022. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
[edit]