Simaroubaceae

Simaroubaceae
	Ailanthus altissima
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Sapindales
Family:	Simaroubaceae; DC.
Genera
	See text
	Distribution of the family Simaroubaceae.
Synonyms
	Ailanthaceae J.Agardh; Castelaceae J.Agardh; Holacanthaceae Jadin, nom. inval.; Leitneriaceae Benth. & Hook.f., nom. cons.; Simabaceae Horan.; Soulameaceae Endl.;

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The Simaroubaceae are a small, mostly tropical, family in the order Sapindales. In recent decades, it has been subject to much taxonomic debate, with several small families being split off. A molecular phylogeny of the family was published in 2007, greatly clarifying relationships within the family.^[2] Together with chemical characteristics such as the occurrence of petroselinic acid in Picrasma,^[3] in contrast to other members of the family such as Ailanthus,^[4] this indicates the existence of a subgroup in the family with Picrasma, Holacantha, and Castela.

The best-known species is the temperate Chinese tree-of-heaven Ailanthus altissima, which has become a cosmopolitan weed tree of urban areas^[5] and wildlands.^[6]

Well-known genera in the family include the tropical Quassia and Simarouba.

Genera

20 genera are accepted:^[7]

Ailanthus Desf.
†Ailanthophyllum Dawson
Brucea J.F.Mill.
Castela Turpin
Eurycoma Jack
Gymnostemon Aubrév. & Pellegr.
Hannoa Planch.
Homalolepis Turcz.
Iridosma Aubrév. & Pellegr.
Leitneria Chapm.
Nothospondias Engl.
Odyendea Pierre ex Engl.
Perriera Courchet
Picrasma Blume
Picrolemma Hook.f.
Pierreodendron Engl.
Quassia L.
Samadera Gaertn.
Simaba Aubl.
Simarouba Aubl.
Soulamea Lam.^[8]

Excluded genera

Allantospermum Forman → Ixonanthaceae
Alvaradoa Liebm. → Picramniaceae
Desbordesia Pierre ex Tiegh. → Irvingiaceae
Harrisonia R.Br. ex A.Juss. → Rutaceae
Irvingia Hook.f. → Irvingiaceae
Kirkia Oliv. → Kirkiaceae
Klainedoxa Pierre ex Engl. → Irvingiaceae
Picramnia Sw. → Picramniaceae
Recchia Sessé & Moc. ex DC. → Surianaceae^[9]

References

^ ^a ^b "Family: Simaroubaceae DC., nom. cons". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2003-01-17. Retrieved 2011-04-19.
^ Clayton, Joshua W.; Edwino S. Fernando; Pamela S. Soltis; Douglas E. Soltis (2007). "Molecular phylogeny of the tree-of-heaven family (Simaroubaceae) based on chloroplast and nuclear markers". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 168 (9): 1325–1339. doi:10.1086/521796. S2CID 86016778.
^ Tsujimoto, M. and Koyanagi, H. (1933) Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 8, 161
^ T. Stuhlfauth, H. Fock, H. Huber, K. Klug: The distribution of fatty acids including petroselinic and tariric acids in the fruit and seed oils of the Pittosporaceae, Araliaceae, Umbelliferae, Simarubaceae and Rutaceae. In: Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 13, 1985, S. 447–453, doi:10.1016/0305-1978(85)90091-2.
^ http://www.hort.cornell.edu/uhi/research/articles/jeh4(1).pdf ^{[bare URL PDF]}
^ Knapp, Liza B; Canham, Charles D (2000). "Invasion of an Old-Growth Forest in New York by Ailanthus altissima: Sapling Growth and Recruitment in Canopy Gaps". Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. 127 (4): 307. doi:10.2307/3088649. JSTOR 3088649.
^ Simaroubaceae DC. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
^ "GRIN Genera of Simaroubaceae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-04-19.
^ "GRIN genera sometimes placed in Simaroubaceae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-04-19.

External links

Media related to Simaroubaceae at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Simaroubaceae at Wikispecies

[GRIN-1] "Family: Simaroubaceae DC., nom. cons". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2003-01-17. Retrieved 2011-04-19.

[clayton2007-2] Clayton, Joshua W.; Edwino S. Fernando; Pamela S. Soltis; Douglas E. Soltis (2007). "Molecular phylogeny of the tree-of-heaven family (Simaroubaceae) based on chloroplast and nuclear markers". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 168 (9): 1325–1339. doi:10.1086/521796. S2CID 86016778.

[3] Tsujimoto, M. and Koyanagi, H. (1933) Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 8, 161

[4] T. Stuhlfauth, H. Fock, H. Huber, K. Klug: The distribution of fatty acids including petroselinic and tariric acids in the fruit and seed oils of the Pittosporaceae, Araliaceae, Umbelliferae, Simarubaceae and Rutaceae. In: Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 13, 1985, S. 447–453, doi:10.1016/0305-1978(85)90091-2.

[5] ttp://www.hort.cornell.edu/uhi/research/articles/jeh4(1).pdf ^{[bare URL PDF]}

[6] Knapp, Liza B; Canham, Charles D (2000). "Invasion of an Old-Growth Forest in New York by Ailanthus altissima: Sapling Growth and Recruitment in Canopy Gaps". Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. 127 (4): 307. doi:10.2307/3088649. JSTOR 3088649.

[powo-7] Simaroubaceae DC. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 16 December 2023.

[GRINGenera-8] "GRIN Genera of Simaroubaceae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-04-19.

[GRINExcluded-9] "GRIN genera sometimes placed in Simaroubaceae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-04-19.

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