Ammonium permanganate: Difference between revisions

| Verifiedfields = changed

| Watchedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid =

| = Ammonium

| ImageSize =

| IUPACName = Ammonium manganate(VII)

| = Ammonium permanganate

| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers

| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}

| ChemSpiderID = 55512

| InChI = 1/Mn.H3N.4O/h;1H3;;;;/q;;;;;-1/p+1/rMnO4.H3N/c2-1(3,4)5;/h;1H3/q-1;/p+1

| InChIKey = PASCZIGWJWZUOV-AGRLYYGXAH

| SMILES1 = [O-][Mn](=O)(=O)=O.[NH4+]

| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

| StdInChI = 1S/Mn.H3N.4O/h;1H3;;;;/q;;;;;-1/p+1

| StdInChIKey = PASCZIGWJWZUOV-UHFFFAOYSA-O

| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}

| =

|

SMILES = [O-][Mn](=O)(=O)=O.[N+]

| KEGG_Ref =

| KEGG =

| UNNumber = 3085, 1482

|Section2={{Chembox Properties

| Formula = NH₄MnO₄

| MolarMass = 136.974g/mol

| Appearance = rhombic needle crystals or powder with rich violet-brown or dark purple metallic sheen, become steel-gray in storage;<br/>magenta–rose in solution

| Density = /cm, solid

| MeltingPt = ''''

| BoilingPt =

| Solubility = 8.0g/100 ml at 15°C

|Section3={{Chembox Structure

| CrystalStruct = [[Orthorhombic]]

| Coordination =

| MolShape =

|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry

| DeltaHf =

| Entropy = J.K.mol

|Section7={{Chembox Hazards

| = [ External MSDS]

| MainHazards = Oxidant ('''O'''), Harmful ('''Xn'''), Dangerous for the environment ('''N''')

| =

| =

| HPhrases = {{HPhrases|}}

| PPhrases = {{PPhrases|}}

| =

| NFPA- =

| =

| =

| NFPA- =

| FlashPt =

| AutoignitionPt =

|Section8={{Chembox Related

| OtherAnions =

| OtherCations = [[Sodium permanganate]]; [[Potassium permanganate]]

| =

| = [[Permanganates]]

| = [[Potassium manganate]](K₂MnO₄)[[Manganese heptoxide]]

'''Ammonium permanganate''' is the [[chemical compound]] NH₄MnO₄, or [[ammonia|NH₃]]·[[permanganic acid|HMnO₄]]. It is water , or .

== Preparation ==

Ammonium permanganate was first prepared by [[Eilhard Mitscherlich]] in 1824 by reaction of [[silver permanganate]] with equal molar amount of [[ammonium chloride]], filtering the silver chloride and evaporating the water.

:AgMnO₄ + NH₄Cl → AgCl + NH₄MnO₄

It can also be prepared in a similar way from [[potassium permanganate]] and [[ammonium chloride]].

:KMnO₄ +NH₄Cl → KCl + NH₄MnO₄

== Properties ==

Ammonium permanganate is a strong [[oxidizer]], owing to its [[permanganate]] anion, and it is a moderately strong [[explosive]], owing to the combination of oxidizer permanganate anion and reducing [[ammonium]] cation. Dry ammonium permanganate can [[detonate]] by heat, shock, or friction, and it may explode at temperatures above 140&nbsp;°F (60&nbsp;°C).<ref>{{cite web|date=February 1988|title=MSDS Chemical Information File: Ammonium Permanganate|url=http://www.textfiles.com/science/CHEMICALS/ammonium_permanganate.txt}}</ref>

Ammonium permanganate decomposes explosively to [[manganese dioxide]], [[nitrogen]], and water:<ref>{{cite |=Manganese|=|=}}</ref>

:2 NH₄MnO₄ → 2 MnO₂ + N₂ + 4 H₂O

Ammonium permanganate decomposes slowly in storage even at normal temperatures. A sample stored for 3 months was only 96% pure, after 6 months it assumed color of iodine and had strong smell of nitrogen oxides. It emits toxic fumes when decomposed by heat.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | author1 = Seymour M. Kaye | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items | volume = 8 | year = 1978 }}</ref>

[[Quaternary ammonium]] permanganate compounds can be prepared, such as [[tetrabutylammonium]] permanganate<ref>{{cite journal | journal= Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications |title= Tetrabutylammonium permanganate: an efficient oxidant for organic substrates |first1= Tony |last1= Sala |first2= Melvyn V. |last2= Sargent |year= 1978 |issue= 6 |pages= 253–254 |doi= 10.1039/C39780000253 }}</ref> and benzyltriethylammonium permanganate.<ref>{{cite journal |title= Oxidation of Hydrocarbons with Benzyl(triethyl)ammonium Permanganate |first1= H.-Jürgen |last1= Schmidt |first2 =Hans J. |last2= Schäfer |journal= Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English | volume= 18 |issue= 1 |pages= 68–69 |date= January 1979 |doi= 10.1002/anie.197900681 }}</ref>

{{Ammonium salts}}

{{Permanganates}}